Best infrared		BOTARO Maxxus Saunas Seattle Infrared Sauna		SEE IT	Double-paneled walls constructed with reforested Canadian Hemlock wood planks.
Best indoor		SereneLife Full Size Portable Steam Sauna		SEE IT	Everything you need for a sauna experience in the comfort of your own home.
Best tent		Durasage Oversized Portable Steam Sauna		SEE IT	Dual front pockets are perfect for holding a phone, tablet, book, and more.

Saunas can provide many health benefits, including detoxification, improved circulation, stress and pain relief, weight loss, and more and general relaxation depending on the person. But it’s not always convenient to get to the spa or gym for a sauna session. Not to mention, those visits can get expensive. But fortunately, you can get all of the benefits of the sauna without ever having to leave your house, thanks to portable saunas, outdoor saunas, or home saunas, which have been growing in popularity in recent years.

Home saunas tend to use one of two different methods to achieve sweat-inducing temperatures. First, there is traditional steam, which heats the air around you to bring up your body heat. With portable saunas, this steam is typically generated by an external steamer pot that feeds into a sauna tent. The second employs infrared technology that uses electromagnetic radiation to warm your body directly rather than heating the air. This type of heat penetrates deeper into the body and is believed to impact and heal deep tissue.

Whichever you decide on, it’s essential to know what you’re buying—which is why we’ve gone ahead and done the research to compile a list of the best home saunas on the market today.

• Best infrared sauna: BOTARO Maxxus Saunas Seattle Infrared Sauna
• Best sauna tent: Durasage Oversized Portable Steam Sauna
• Best indoor sauna: SereneLife Full Size Portable Steam Sauna
• Best 2-person sauna: Dynamic Andora Low EMF Far Infrared Sauna

How we picked the best home saunas

We chose two high-end infrared models for those who have the space to commit to a full sauna setup and three budget-friendly steamer pot options with collapsible storage that practically anyone can use in their homes. Not everyone can spring for the luxury models.

We surveyed dozens of models with dense online research to find picks that would strike the right balance of features, simplicity, and price. We considered outside opinions as well as known and often-reported issues.

The entries on this list have been well-received by users at virtually every level.

The best home saunas: Reviews & Recommendations

Best infrared sauna: BOTARO Maxxus Saunas Seattle Infrared Sauna

BOTARO

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Why it made the cut: This low EMF infrared carbon option operates more efficiently than ceramic heaters and maintains safer temperatures than traditional rock and water steam.

Specs:

• Dimensions: 41.3 x 47.2 x 74.8 inches
• Weight: 230 pounds
• Materials:  100% Canadian Reforested hemlock Wood

Pros:

• Double-paneled Canadian Hemlock wood
• Six total heating panels
• MP3 connection and built-in speakers

Cons:

• Not quite big enough for two people
• Requires dedicated space

The BOTARO Maxxus Saunas Seattle Infrared Sauna is the best infrared sauna and the closest thing you’ll get to a spa experience in your own house. This sauna pairs double-paneled, reforested Canadian hemlock wood with low EMF infrared carbon materials for maximum energy efficiency. Unlike ceramic heaters, you’ll never have to replace the six heating panels—of which there are two located on the rear wall, one on each side wall, one under the bench, and one on the floor.

It also operates at a maximum temperature of 140 degrees, which is safer than the 200-degree temps traditional rock and water saunas can create,. Though it does take some space to set up, the sauna plugs into any dedicated 15 amp 110-volt outlet, and no special wiring is required. It can also be installed just about anywhere, including on carpeted floors, basements, master baths, or the garage.

Though the sauna is marketed as accommodating two people, you may find that it’s a better fit for just one. But that’s a small concession when considering the added bells and whistles, such as an MP3 aux connection, built-in speakers, and an interior reading lamp.

Best sauna tent: Durasage Oversized Portable Steam Sauna

Durasage

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Why it made the cut: With a ceramic steam generator and chair, this sauna kit includes everything you need to set up and enjoy a complete spa experience at home.

Specs:

• Dimensions: 33 x 31.5 x 41 inches
• Weight: 15.72 pounds
• Materials: Polyester, PVC

Pros:

• Dual pockets and zippered openings
• Extra space than most portable saunas
• Produces steam up to 212 degrees

Cons:

• Can take a while to heat up

Read a book, flip through a magazine, or scroll on your phone during a sweat session with the Durasage Oversized Portable Steam Sauna, thanks to dual pockets and two zippered openings that allow you to keep both hands free for other things. Unlike competitor products, this sauna tent is slightly larger to provide a roomier fit.You can even put a towel over the top hole and sit on the floor for a completely immersive sauna experience.

The powerful 1.8-liter steam generator uses a plastic reservoir and ceramic heating element to vaporize water up to 212 degrees Fahrenheit, creating an internal temperature ranging from 110 to 115 degrees. It takes about 15 minutes to start producing steam from the time the unit is plugged in and turned on; however, customers report that it works great once you allow the sauna to heat up entirely. The steam generator hose could be slightly longer, so it could sit on the side instead of behind the sauna, but it’s not a deal breaker.

Best indoor sauna: SereneLife Full Size Portable Steam Sauna

SereneLife

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Why it made the cut: You’ll love this large-capacity, full-size sauna with a collapsable design that can be easily folded into a closet for storage when not in use.

Specs:

• Dimensions: 35.4 x 35.4 x 70.9 inches
• Weight: 27.8 pounds
• Materials: Cloth, plastic

Pros:

• Easy access, full-sized design
• Fully collapsable for easy storage
• Energy-efficient

Cons:

• Not tall enough to fully stand up
• No internal zipper

Unlike portable saunas that require the user to sit on a chair with a hole to poke their head out, the SereneLife Full Size Portable Steam Sauna is large enough that you can fit your entire body inside with an easy-access “sit-in” design. Yet, it still includes a small window and convenient hand access zippers, so you can use your phone or read a book or magazine while getting your sweat on. When you’re finished, the unit is collapsible and can be easily stored in a closet.

With a 1600 watt high-power heating element and four-liter capacity steamer, this sauna is also energy efficient while having the ability to reach the maximum temperature of 122 degrees Fahrenheit quickly. Additionally, the included wired remote control makes it simple to set the timer and heat settings from inside or outside the unit.

Despite its full size, some users may find it challenging to stand up and get out of, particularly since you cannot open the zipper from the inside. It’s also worth noting that there is no on/off switch, so you have to plug and unplug the back of the sauna to turn it on.

Best 2-person sauna: Dynamic Andora Low EMF Far Infrared Sauna

Dynamic

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Why it made the cut: A variety of unique features and easy assembly sets this premium, natural, reforested Canadian hemlock wood home sauna apart from the pack.

Specs:

• Dimensions: 47 x 43.1 x 74.4 inches
• Weight: 319 pounds
• Materials: Natural reforested Canadian hemlock wood

Pros:

• Control panel with LED display
• Tempered glass door and side windows
• Fully assembles within on hour

Cons:

• Pricier than comparable models
• Small gap at the bottom of the glass door

Despite its extra-large size, this large, 2-person sauna assembles in just one hour, which is faster than an Ikea coffee table. .

But it’s the special touches that really take this home sauna above and beyond, such as a wide, clear tempered glass door with side windows, built-in MP3 aux connection with speakers, and a soft touch control panel with an LED display that sets temperature and time. It also features 10 different ambient light settings, a towel rack, a magazine rack, and a water holder.

Yes, the price tag is a bit steeper than similar models—but its features and build quality go a long way in justifying its price. It can reach a maximum temperature of a wonderfully uncomfortable 140 degrees. 

Things to consider before buying a home sauna

When deciding whether a home sauna is the right fit for you, there are several considerations to factor in.

Size

First, you must ask yourself if you have the space in your home to use and store this type of product. If you live in a small house or apartment, a collapsible portage sauna tent that works with a steamer pot is almost certainly your best bet. Full-sized models can take up as much space as small rooms, while collapsible models can easily fit in a closet or under a bed when they’re not in use.

Materials

If you’re fortunate to have extra space in a basement, garage, or master bath and are serious about sweating, you may want to consider a full-sized unit constructed out of natural reforested Canadian hemlock wood. The tents typically employ insulated fabric to keep in heat and prevent liquid from soaking through.

Heating method

If space and expense are not an issue, the type of heating method is another component that can weigh into your home sauna buying decision. Both traditional steam and low EMF far infrared both have their pros and cons. An infrared sauna will give you more of a cleansing effect when it comes to the material you’re sweating out. However, because these units do heat the body with radiation, it’s important to check the EMF levels the saunas are emitting.

In addition to ensuring that the body doesn’t take on too much radiation, this type of sauna may not be suitable for people with certain types of heart conditions or hypotension. That said, it’s a good rule of thumb to check with your doctor before starting any kind of new health regimen.

FAQs

Final thoughts on finding the best home saunas

It should come as no surprise that our pick for the overall best home sauna is the BOTARO Maxxus Saunas Seattle Infrared Sauna, which is the closest thing to a genuine spa experience without having to leave your house. Yet, it doesn’t come with quite as high of a price tag as the Dynamic two-person home sauna.

That said, we understand that not everyone has the space or the budget for a complete home sauna setup, which is why our second pick is the Durasage Oversized Portable Steam Sauna. Not only does it achieve the primary goal—which is to make you sweat—but when not in use, it conveniently folds up for easy storage.

Read next: Best Inflatable Pools

The post The best home saunas of 2023 appeared first on Popular Science.

Articles may contain affiliate links which enable us to share in the revenue of any purchases made.

Best splurge		Concept2 Indoor Rowing Machine		SEE IT	This Bluetooth-compatible model allows you to track your health metrics over time.
Best water		Mr. Captain Water Rowing Machine		SEE IT	Get a real-life rowing experience with the sounds of water in the background.
Best budget		Sunny Health & Fitness Magnetic Rowing Machine		SEE IT	A strong competitor at an affordable price.

Are you looking for a low-impact workout that builds endurance and strengthens muscles? And do you want to exercise from the comfort of your own living room or bedroom or home gym? If you’ve answered yes to both questions, it might be time to add a rowing machine to your fitness equipment collection. Like treadmills and elliptical machines, the best rowing machine offers a great cardio workout with additional benefits like full-body conditioning and a good effect on your heart and lungs. Plus, it’s great for rowers of all levels and can even be meditative. Physical and mental wellbeing—check! Take a lap and scroll through our best rowing machine selects below.

• Best overall: NordicTrack – RW500 – Rower
• Best splurge: Concept2 Indoor Rowing Machine
• Best water: Mr. Captain Water Rowing Machine
• Best budget: Sunny Health & Fitness Magnetic Rowing Machine

The best rowing machines: Reviews & Recommendations

The rowing machine market is crowded, which means options for every type of rower, but selecting the best for you can feel overwhelming. As long as you have an understanding about what’s most important to you from type of rower to workout preference to levels of resistance, finding the best rowing machine will be a (sea) breeze. 

Best overall: NordicTrack – RW500 – Rower

NordicTrack

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If you’re looking for a full-body workout on a rower with advanced and customizable features, the NordicTrack RW500 Rower is a solid choice. Depending on your preference, you can choose between manually adjusting the 26 levels of resistance or using the built-in SMR (Silent Magnetic Resistance) system that changes up your training intensity without interrupting your workout. With the LED screen, you can easily control and monitor your workout metrics. Plus, for added comfort and ease, the Nordictrack rower features an ergonomic seat and handle and dual two-inch speakers with an audio auxiliary port so you can listen to music or watch videos during your workout. 

Best splurge: Concept2 Indoor Rowing Machine

Concept2

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Super quiet and easy to store, the Concept2 Indoor Rowing Machine is a great fit for your home gym, whether in your house or small apartment. In addition to controlling the intensity of your workout with the air-resistance flywheel, you can also control the air flow by changing the damper, ranging from levels one to ten. You can select programs based on time, distance, intervals, and more and easily track your workout on the backlit LCD screen. If you want to track your heart rate as well, wireless Bluetooth and ANT+ compatibility allow you to connect with heart-rate belts and apps. Plus, if trying new workout programs is your jam, you can connect to endless fitness apps, and the free ErgData app records and stores workouts on your phone. Designed to fit most rowers, the seat is 14 inches high and features adjustable footrests and an ergonomic handle.

Best water: Mr. Captain Water Rowing Machine

MR. CAPTAIN

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A great workout is a priority when it comes to rowing machines, but what if you could truly feel like you’re rowing on actual water? Enter the Mr. Captain Water Rowing Machine, which is built like a ship with sustainable oak wood covered with an aluminum-alloy rail. It also comes with real water resistance via a water tank. To get the most out of your workout, you can set up three modes from the Bluetooth monitor: manual, interval custom, and target. Plus, features like the ergonomic seat, active recoil system, and adjustable footpads and straps provide comfort and customization for each rower. As an added bonus, you’ll have the beautiful background sound of water moving around within the shock- and oxidation-resistant tank. You might have to ask yourself: Am I in my home gym or out on the water? 

Best budget: Sunny Health & Fitness Magnetic Rowing Machine

Sunny Health & Fitness

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Available for just under $250, the Sunny Health & Fitness Magnetic Rowing Machine is a steal. A strong competitor to more expensive ergometers, this rowing machine features eight levels of magnetic resistance that can be adjusted during your workout for interval training. The LCD console tracks your time, calories, distance, and more, so you can focus on your workout. Safety and comfort features include non-slip foot pedals and straps, floor stabilizers, anti-slip handlebars, and a cushioned seat. And if you’ve got multiple rowers in your household, this machine can accommodate most riders with its extra long slide rail. 

What to consider when shopping for the best rowing machines

When shopping for the best rowing machine to add to your home fitness equipment, there are a few things to consider. In order to find the best fit for you, start by asking what kind of machine you want for a cardio workout at home. Ergometers are designed with one of four main types of resistance: water, magnetic, air, and air/magnet hybrid. Then consider how much space you have available. And are you on a budget? Once you have a better understanding of your workout preferences and your space limitations (or not), you’ll be off and running to find your best ergometer.

How intense do you want your workouts?

Regardless of whether you’re a beginner or experienced rower, you’ll probably want some variation of intensity in your workout. Most rowing machines have at least eight levels of resistance, but if you really want to get your heart rate up, you might want to consider an indoor rower that features 24 levels of resistance. Additionally, lots of machines offer the option of manual or automatic so you can customize your workout or leave it up to the pre-programmed workouts. 

How much space do you have to spare?

If you have a dedicated space for your home gym and can leave your rowing machine out, then you will have few limitations in terms of options. However, if space is at a premium, or you don’t want exercise equipment in your living room, it’s a good idea to get a foldable ergometer. This way, you can fold it and store it away vertically to make the best use of your space. 

What type of rowing machine do you want?

Rowing machines are generally designed with one of four different modes of resistance: air, water, magnetic, or air/magnet hybrid. So which is the best for you? While air/magnet hybrids are the priciest option, they are considered to be some of the best rowers because they are super quiet and offer a variety of training styles. Air rowers are generally the most affordable and lightweight but tend to be on the noisier side. A water rower has the most realistic rowing sensation so you can feel like you’re out on a lake, with the sound of water sloshing in the background included. Magnetic rowers are another great affordable option if you want something on the quieter side but they don’t feel as realistic. 

Are you on a budget? 

There are lots of great rowing machines available for under $500. In this price range, you’ll find more air and magnetic indoor rowers, which have lots of pros. Cons for air rowers are that they can be quite noisy and for magnetic rowers, they tend to feel less realistic. But If your main priority is getting a great workout, then the more affordable options will certainly get the job done.  

Will there be multiple rowers? 

Once your family members or roommates catch you rowing, there’s no doubt they’ll want in. To accommodate multiple rowers, you’ll want a rowing machine that allows you to adjust both the length and footpads and straps. Lucky for you (and your housemates), most indoor rowers are easily adjustable for a good at-home cardio workout. 

Is Bluetooth connection important to you? 

In order to connect to your phone or tablet for additional workout programs, to track your heart rate or to listen to music, your rowing machine will need Bluetooth connectivity. If this is a priority for you, then be sure to look for a rower that can work with your device(s). 

FAQs

The final word on shopping for the best rowing machines

The best rowing machine will provide a great low-impact cardio workout for your entire body, building endurance and strengthening muscles. When looking for the best model for you, your space limitations and how many rowers will be using the machine are important considerations that will help narrow down your search. If you want a realistic rowing experience, a quiet one, or a machine that offers the ability to connect to your device for additional workout programs, the best ergometer is one stroke away. 

The post The best rowing machines of 2023 appeared first on Popular Science.

Articles may contain affiliate links which enable us to share in the revenue of any purchases made.

Best cordless		Worx WG779 Power Share Lawn Mower		SEE IT	With six height adjustment options and the ability to mow or mulch, this pick is perfect for the whole family.
Best overall		Greenworks 10A Corded Mower		SEE IT	This 10 Amp electric mower can cruise through any lawn for a pristine finish.
Best premium		Husqvarna Automower Robotic Lawn Mower		SEE IT	Ready to ditch the hassle of mowing altogether? Then grab this automated mowing robot that can trim up to one half of an acre.

The best electric lawn mowers are much more than just hair clippers with an attitude. Today’s electric mowers are energy-efficient and cost-effective lawn tools perfect for keeping the yard trim and proper. From push mowers that are always ready to chop to cordless mowers with quick-charging, long-lasting batteries, get all the power of a gas mower with none of the hassles. These mowers are easy to operate and nearly maintenance-free. Small and mid-sized lawns can be quickly tamed and managed with an Earth-friendly mower. Cheaper than some gas-powered mowers and more agile than riding mowers, the best electric mower makes yard maintenance less frustrating. Harness the power of electricity with one of these dependable lawn mowers designed for efficiency.

• Best overall: Greenworks 10A Corded Mower
• Best cordless: Worx WG779 Power Share Lawn Mower
• Best premium: Husqvarna Automower Robotic Lawn Mower
• Best self-propelled: Greenworks Self-Propelled Mower
• Best budget: Black and Decker Electric Lawn Mower/Trimmer

How we chose the best electric lawn mowers

We’ve searched far and wide for the best lawn mowers many times. There isn’t a lawn mower we haven’t looked at, from riding mowers for your new house or a zero-turn mower for an industrial job. To create this list of the best electric lawn mowers, we took from our previous lawn mower research (push mowers to cordless mowers to all manner of more serious machinery) and combined it with personal testing, research, recommendations, and user impressions.

Best electric lawn mowers: Reviews & recommendations

Looking for the best electric lawn mower? You have several choices to make. The two big differences between models: Cord or cordless, and push or self-propelled. Explore the options, have a budget in mind, and you’ll find the perfect electric lawn mower for your yard.

Best overall: Greenworks 10A Corded Mower

Greenworks

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Why it made the cut: Hills and tight corners are no match for this manual lawn mower.

Specs

• Weight: 37.5 lbs.
• Cutting width: 16 inches
• Operation: Manual

Pros

• Easy on hills and around tight corners
• Maneuverable despite weight
• No major maintenance

Cons

• Will need outdoor extension cord

The 16-inch cutting deck of the Greenworks electric mower is great for mid-sized suburban yards smaller than a quarter-acre. While 37.5 pounds may sound like a lot, it’s a shockingly light and agile mower. This mower has no trouble being pushed up hills or around tight corners. It starts easily, and there’s no major maintenance to worry about. Make sure you have an outdoor extension cord to give you optimal mobility. If you only have a few free minutes during the work to get the lawn cut, the Greenworks electric lawn mower is the yard tool for the job.

Best cordless: Worx WG779 Power Share Lawn Mower

WORX

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Why it made the cut: Mowing the lawn is fun for the whole family with this lightweight electric lawn mower.

Specs

• Weight: 29.1 lbs.
• Cutting width: 14 inches
• Operation: Manual

Pros

• User-friendly
• Lightweight
• 6 height adjustments

Cons

• Small size means more walking to mow the lawn

Electric lawn mowers are known for their simplicity, but the WORK WG779 is perhaps the most user-friendly electric push mower on the market. The lightweight body can be managed by even young teens. The dual batteries last long enough to chop an eighth of an acre when fully charged. You can use the batteries from other WORX power tools, or buy a few extras to keep the mower running across larger yards. It comes ready to bag or mulch. A simple turn of a knob offers more torque when you hit a patch of tall or tough grass, but the extra power boost will eat up battery life. This is a great mower for everyone in the family. 

Best premium: Husqvarna Automower Robotic Lawn Mower

Husqvarna

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Why it made the cut: Mowing the lawn is never a pain when a smart, powerful, small robot does it for you.

Specs

• Weight: 20.7 lbs.
• Cutting width: 8.7 inches
• Operation: Automatic

Pros

• Ran by an app
• Works well on flat yards sans obstacles

Cons

• Only runs for an hour
• Has trouble climbing inclines
• Expensive

The Husqvarna mower is not your typical electric lawn mower. It’s also not a cheap mower. This robotic mower can be programmed and easily controlled via a user-friendly 4G app. On a full charge, it’ll run for about 60 minutes and is recommended for yards smaller than a half-acre. It can’t do everything. For instance, it has trouble climbing inclines. And anyone with a dog or outdoor pets should avoid robot mowers altogether. Plus, it works best if your yard has a simple layout—a rectangle without many obstacles such as trees or gardens. So, why would you want to spend over $1,000 on a robot lawn mower? When it works, it’s pure futuristic magic. Sit back and relax as your new robot takes a chunk out of your weekend to-do list. For those who don’t want to be bothered with lawn work, a robot assistant is an amazing addition to the family. 

Best self-propelled: Greenworks Self-Propelled Mower

Greenworks

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Why it made the cut: This electric lawn mower provides the power of a gas mower minus the ecological effects.

Specs

• Weight: 83.8 pounds
• Cutting width: 21 inches
• Operation: Manual

Pros

• Eco-friendly
• Easy to maneuver
• Quiet

Cons

• Turbo button eats up power

The Greenworks self-propelled lawn mower is one of the best electric lawn mowers for every type of yard. It’s designed to tame lawns a third of an acre or smaller, powerful enough for most suburban homes. The rear-wheel drive is strong enough for mild hills. And the self-propelled lawn mower runs on two, 24-volt batteries that provide 45 minutes of cutting time on a full charge. There is a turbo button, but using it will eat up battery power. The handle feels solid and is easy to maneuver around property lines and landscaping. This self-propelled mower is comparable to the best gas-powered mowers but has all the benefits of quiet, energy-efficient, Earth-friendly battery power.

Best budget: Black + Decker Electric Lawn Mower/Trimmer

BLACK+DECKER

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Why it made the cut: This budget-friendly electric lawn mower keeps your city lawn in tip-top shape.

Specs

• Weight: 9.9 lbs.
• Cutting width: 12 inches
• Operation: Automatic

Pros

• Lightweight
• Mower, trimmer, and edger
• Compact

Cons

• Not for larger yards

Is an electric mower under $150 worth it? Yes. If you only need to mow a small area, the Black + Decker electric lawn mower is a fantastic tool. Sure, it’s more of a glorified weed whacker than a true lawn mower, but it works wonders in confined areas too small for typical mowers. The corded electric yard tool can be switched from lawn mower to trimmer by unclipping it from the wheeled base. The 12-inch cutting width is great for the minimalist lawns of city homes. Because this is a trimmer, it uses a cable to cut the grass instead of blades. The cutting cable is spun around an automatic feed spool, making it easy to adjust on the go. While not designed for big lawns, those living in townhouses will love this petite, cheap lawn mower.

FAQs

What to consider when shopping for the best electric lawn mowers

Power supply, special features, and price are the three main factors to examine when shopping for an electric lawn mower. Some electric mowers are better for smaller yard care, while others are better for hills and inclines. Think carefully about your lawn and how to make yard maintenance easier. The best electric lawn mower is out there—you just need to weed out the competition. 

Battery-powered mowers vs. corded mowers

The power source will be the first major decision when choosing an electric lawn mower. Obviously, battery-powered mowers are more versatile and can go wherever they need to go. The downside: The battery may not last longer than an hour. In fact, most will die after 45 minutes of use. Having a backup battery helps keep the yard maintenance machine rolling, but it will add to the overall price. Also, if the battery isn’t charged and ready, you won’t be mowing right away. Even the most efficient lawn mower battery needs at least 30 minutes to get a full charge. 

Corded mowers are the simplest lawn mowers besides a fly-wheel push mower or sickle and are always ready to slice up some grass. You’ll need a hearty outdoor extension cord to give you room to work. And make sure an outdoor outlet is available or else you’ll be running cords through windows. But if you don’t mind the hassle of a cord, these tethered electric mowers are an inexpensive way to cut the grass quickly. Just watch where you’re mowing. Sling the cord over your shoulder so you’re always in control and reduce the risk of cord-cutting and you’ll be good to go and mow. 

Self-propelled mower vs. push mower

A self-propelled mower is a must-have piece of lawn equipment for larger yards (anything over half an acre), but they do cost more. Electric lawn mowers are much, much lighter than their gas-guzzling brothers, so a push mower may not be as strenuous to operate as you think. Even when cutting up hills and inclines, an electric push mower is comfortable to control. 

Self-propelled mowers will eat up battery power quickly. Unless you have extra batteries handy, it can make mowing an average-sized yard take all day as you wait and wait for the battery to charge. 

When choosing between a self-propelled electric mower and an electric push mower, the push mower has a clear advantage. But there’s no denying that letting the self-propelled mower do all the work is nice. If you don’t mind the higher price and the need for extra batteries, the self-propelled mower can be a back saver and your best weekend friend. 

Yard size

Electric lawn mowers are great for yards smaller than a half-acre. If you have a few acres to mow and still want an eco-friendly lawn tool, there are electric riding mowers on the market. An electric riding mower will be expensive (upwards of $4,000), and when you go that big, you may be better off with a more powerful gas mower.

Robotic lawn mowers are becoming increasingly popular. These tiny electric lawn mowers are programmed via an app and can cover areas up to about three-quarters of an acre, depending on the make and model. However, robotic lawn mowers are easily defeated by hills and obstacles … and pets. Plus, they are still priced as a luxury-level product. 

For lawns smaller than a quarter-acre, a corded electric mower may be ideal. And for the tiny yard of a townhouse, there’s no need for a big mower when an affordable trimmer/mower hybrid will do the job.

Storage

One of the benefits of an electric mower is that they are often smaller and easier to store than gas-powered mowers. That said, if storage space is limited, you’ll want an electric lawn mower with a handle that’s easy to fold. These mowers can slide into small spaces in a shed or garage. Some electric mowers are also more delicate, they cannot stand up to the elements the same way as a big, robust gas mower. Make sure you can store your electric mower without exposing it to the elements (rain, snow, extreme temperatures). Don’t leave it out on the porch all night.

Additional features

Most electric lawn mowers, even the cheap mowers, are 3-in-1 yard tools. They can send the grass clippings out to the side, mulch the grass clippings into small bits, or bag the grass clippings. Switching between these options is usually straightforward, but some models of electric mowers are easier to adjust and manage. And don’t assume the bag comes with the mower, it could be an add-on option. 

Final thoughts on the best electric lawn mowers

Today’s electric lawn mowers are energy-efficient and powerful, and they give gas-powered lawn mowers a run for their money. Corded mowers are fantastic for homes with available outlets. Battery-powered lawn mowers provide versatility and convenience, as long as you keep the batteries charged and ready. And if you want to live a life of luxury, opt for a robotic lawn mower to be your own electronic groundskeeper. Electric lawn mowers are eco-friendly yard tools that are as quiet as they are dependable. For anyone with a medium-sized yard, the best electric mower is the perfect power tool for lawn maintenance.  

The post The best electric lawn mowers of 2023 appeared first on Popular Science.

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Best overall		Acer Nitro XV282K		SEE IT	In the relatively new field of HDMI 2.1 gaming monitors, the Nitro XV282K is  an expensive panel that perfectly complements the PS5.
Best Value		Gigabyte M28U		SEE IT	The Gigabyte M28U hits most of the specs as our top choice, but at a drastically lower price.
Best for esports		BenQ Mobiuz EX2510		SEE IT	The BenQ Mobiuz EX2510 is the best entry-level PS5 monitor, sacrificing 4K in exchange for smooth and solid HD gameplay.

Sony’s PlayStation 5 is the latest and greatest home console, topping gamers’ wish lists all over the world. With an 8-core CPU and custom AMD graphics chip, the PS5 offers incredible fidelity. According to Sony, it’s capable of running games at 120 frames per second and will be able to show them at 8k resolution. If you’ve been lucky enough to snag a PS5 and plan to play it using a PC-style desk setup, then you’ll want a compatible monitor that can take advantage of all that power.

Depending on your unique gaming or streaming setup you might want a different style of PS5 monitor, whether it be one that’s budget-friendly or is well-equipped for E-Sports games. Regardless of which monitor you ultimately land on, know that it’s an investment to make for your ideal PS5 setup, We’ve rounded up the best monitors for PS5 to help you find the right panel and make that happen.

• Best overall: Acer Nitro XV282K
• Best value: Gigabyte M28U
• Best esports monitor: BenQ Mobiuz EX2510
• Best 4K/60 monitor: ASUS TUF Gaming VG289Q
• Best TV for PS5: LG C2 OLED

How we selected the best monitors for PS5

Through testing, reading monitor reviews, comparing specs and features, plus a lifetime of experience in both console and PC gaming, we surveyed modern monitors on the market right now and drilled down on those capable of showcasing the PS5’s graphical specs. We selected monitors that are all well-reviewed and offer solid value for their price, including both overall top choices as well as products that selectively cut corners to reduce cost, depending on whether you care more about framerate or resolution.

The best monitors for PS5: Reviews & Recommendations

The best monitors for PS5 vary quite a bit. Some focus on framerate. Some focus on resolution. A couple of them have everything you need. (One is actually a TV). Depending on what you need and how much you have to spend, we’re confident that you’ll find that at least one of these monitors is a great fit for you and your new console.

Best overall: Acer Nitro XV282K 

Acer

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Why it made the cut: In the relatively new and small field of HDMI 2.1 gaming monitors, Acer currently leads the pack with an expensive, but solid panel that perfectly complements the PS5.

Specs:

• Resolution: 3840 x 2160
• Refresh Rate: 144Hz
• Size: 28”
• Ports: HDMI 2.1 (2) DisplayPort 1.4, USB 3.1 Type C
• Panel Type: IPS
• HDR: Yes

Pros:

• 4k
• 144Hz
• HDMIT 2.1
• Low Lag

Cons:

• Expensive

With a 144Hz refresh rate, 4K resolution, and 2 HDMI 2.1 ports, Acer’s Nitro XV282K feels like a very comfortable fit for the PS5. (Along with any other consoles or gaming PCs you might want to hook up). It also boasts an impressively low 1ms response time for smooth and ghost-free gaming. The only drawback is a slightly sub-par contrast ratio, which suggests that blacks may look a bit gray in a dark room. Otherwise, the image is about as fast and as clear as you could hope for the time being, given the PS5’s high demands.

Best value: Gigabyte M28U

Gigabyte

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Why it made the cut: The Gigabyte M28U meets all the same overall specs as our top choice, but at a drastically lower price, with compromises that only the most hardcore gamers will notice.

Specs:

• Resolution: 3840 x 2160
• Refresh Rate: 144Hz
• Size: 28”
• Ports: HDMI 2.1 (2) DisplayPort 1.4, USB 3.1 Type C
• Panel Type: IPS
• HDR: Yes

Pros:

• 4k
• 144Hz
• HDMIT 2.1
• Lowest price for full range of specs

Cons:

• Slight input lag
• Minor backlight bleed

The Gigabyte M28U offers the most bang for your buck among the relatively small number of HDMI 2.1-compatible monitors available right now. Like our top choice, it has a 144Hz refresh rate, 4K resolution, and a low 1ms response time, making them functionally equivalent in many situations. The main differences between the two come into play in specific scenarios, like some noticeable backlight bleed if you’re playing in the dark, and higher input lag than comparable 144Hz monitors. More specifically, M28U’s input lag measured around 10ms, while the Acer Nitro XV282K clocked in closer to 4ms. That looks like a big difference on paper, but we’re talking about fractions of a second. While the most framerate-sensitive gamers may still notice the difference, the M28U is a very strong choice for most players.

Best for esports: BenQ Mobiuz EX2510

BenQ

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Why it made the cut: The BenQ Mobiuz EX2510 is the best entry-level PS5 monitor, sacrificing 4K in exchange for smooth and solid HD gameplay.

Specs:

• Resolution: 1920 x 1080
• Refresh Rate: 144Hz
• Size: 24.5”
• Ports: HDMI 2.0 (2) DisplayPort 1.2
• Panel Type: IPS
• HDR: No

Pros:

• 144Hz
• Smooth performance
• Solid build

Cons:

• Not 4K

While 4K is the more headline-grabbing resolution, lots of people are more than fine playing in 1080p. In competitive PC gaming circles, framerate is king. Premium esports monitors are often 1080p, but hit incredibly high framerates upwards of 300Hz. Given the PS5’s cap at 120fps, that’s a bit much for our needs, though. BenQ’s Mobiuz EX2510 sits at a more reasonable 144Hz, allowing you to still get as many frames as possible out of your PS5 without sacrificing image quality for less than you might expect.

Best 4K/60 monitor: ASUS TUF Gaming VG289Q

Asus

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Why it made the cut: 4K monitors are still fairly expensive across the board, but the ASUS TUF Gaming VG289Q is a great entry-level 4K monitor that strikes a balance between quality and cost.

Specs:

• Resolution: 3840 x 2160
• Refresh Rate: 60Hz
• Size: 28”
• Ports: HDMI 2.0 (2) DisplayPort 1.2
• Panel Type: IPS
• HDR: Yes

Pros:

• 4K
• Great value

Cons:

• Middling HDR

When games first made the jump from 30 to 60fps, some people claimed that the human eye wouldn’t even be able to discern the difference, but anyone who’s tried them side by side can confirm that we absolutely can, and it makes games look substantially better. People are likewise capable of noticing the jump from 60 to 120, but with noticeably diminishing returns. The ASUS TUF Gaming VG289Q delivers excellent, color-accurate 4K graphics at a steady and still-generous 60Hz, which is less than perfect for PS5, but still looks buttery-smooth to the average eye. It isn’t perfect: With low overall brightness–350 nits–its HDR doesn’t keep pace with other, more expensive monitors. Still, you’d be hard-pressed to find a better 4K monitor at this price.

Best TV for PS5: LG C2 OLED 

LG

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Why it made the cut: If cost is not a concern, LG’s OLED TVs are the gold standard for incredible image quality with no compromise in responsiveness.

Specs:

• Resolution: 3840 x 2160
• Refresh Rate: 120Hz
• Size: 48”
• Ports: HDMI 2.1 (4), USB 2.0 (3)
• Panel Type: OLED
• HDR: Yes

Pros:

• 120Hz on a TV
• HDMI 2.1
• Incredible blacks and color range
• Wide viewing angels

Cons:

• Very expensive compared to monitors
• Burn-in risk

Where all of the above monitors use the current standard LCD technology, which requires a backlight, the next generation of screens are starting to shift over to OLED, which requires no backlight because every pixel is self-lit and independent. OLED screens allow for rich, perfect blacks and nearly infinite contrast, as well as much slimmer form factors without the need for a backlight. 

It turns out that the best OLED screen to pair with the PS5 is a TV, not a monitor. LG’s C2 OLED, the best PS5 TV, offers these benefits, along with all the top specs you need to get the most out of the PS5: 120Hz, 4K, HDMI 2.1, and extremely low input lag. Obviously, the C2 is much bigger and more expensive than the average PC monitor, but its screen quality is top sharp to ignore.

What to consider before buying the best monitors for PS5

Even if money is no object, picking one of the best monitors for PS5 takes a little doing. Not every monitor will be able to take full advantage of the console’s output, so it’s important to check for compatibility. Unlike PCs, which can output graphics at a much wider and more customizable range of settings, the PS5 is limited to a few resolution and framerate options, and so you need a monitor capable of meeting those needs. Moreover, if you can’t afford to spend more than the price of your new console itself on a monitor for it, it’s important to know your priorities–namely, whether you care more about framerate or resolution.

What is HDMI 2.1?

At bare minimum, you’re going to need an HDMI-compatible monitor. While many of the best gaming monitors have followed PC gaming’s shift to DisplayPort cables, the PS5 (and the Xbox Series X) call for HDMI 2.1, the latest iteration of the more ubiquitous HDMI cable. Despite the fact that it looks the same as previous HDMI cables, HDMI 2.1 greatly increases how much data moves from computer to screen. HDMI 2.0 has a maximum data transmission rate of 18 gigabits per second, allowing for output at 4K resolution at 60Hz, or 1080p resolution at up to 240Hz. HDMI 2.1 bumps that up significantly to 48 Gbp/s, allowing computers – including game consoles – to output 4K video at up to 180Hz, or 8K at 50Hz.

For the PS5 specifically, using an HDMI 2.1 cable and monitor opens the door for the PS5 to run games at 4K resolution and 120fps (and, eventually, 8K/30fps). Legacy HDMI 2.0 monitors will still be able to choose between either 4K/60fps or 1080p/120fps, but you’ll need HDMI 2.1 to enjoy both at the same time.

Monitor aspect ratio and resolution

Resolution refers to the number of pixels on screen, with higher resolutions being capable of more fine-grained detail and smoothness. The PS5 outputs at two resolutions: Standard HD (1920 x 1080 pixels) and the richer, more pixel-dense 4K resolution (3840 x 2160 pixels). As you might expect, 4K monitors are newer and more powerful, so they tend to be considerably more expensive than their 1080p counterparts. 

In this PS5 FAQ, Sony says the PS5 hardware is also capable of running games at 8K resolution, but not with the current firmware. Meanwhile, there are no PS5 games that can run in 8K yet, so we currently advise you to avoid spending thousands of dollars to get ahead of the pack.

Since most gaming monitors are built with PC gaming in mind, there are more choices out there. Many monitors offer up 1440p (2560 x 1440) pixels. There’s also a growing number of ultrawide monitors that differ from the usual 16:9 “widescreen” dimensions used for most modern screens. The PS5 doesn’t support 1440p. It can work with an ultrawide screen, though that may present problems from game to game. Realistically, if you’re buying a monitor specifically with the PS5 in mind, you’ll want to stick to standard widescreen monitors with a maximum resolution of either 1080p or 4K.

And while part of the PS5’s appeal is its ability to run games in 4K at better framerates, its sharper, more detailed gameplay shows up on a 1080p monitor as well. If “better” is good enough, settling for 1080p may be a good concession when shopping for a new monitor on a budget.

Refresh rate, response time, and input lag

To judge how games look, resolution goes hand in hand with a second monitor spec, refresh rate, which determines the highest possible framerate at which a game “runs.” Refresh rate, expressed in hertz (Hz), refers to the number of times per second a monitor can “draw” an image on your screen. The higher the refresh rate on your monitor, the more frames of animation your computer or console can animate each second.

Framerate rarely matters for TV and film, which are still traditionally filmed at 24fps but, in games, more frames means smoother animation and, often, more information. Being able to more quickly and subtly perceive motion can give you an edge in playing anything at all action-oriented, which becomes even more important in competitive gaming. During the PS4 and Xbox One era, framerates between 30fps and 60fps were the standard. The PS5 and Xbox Series X have now raised the bar to between 60 and 120fps.

Thus, in order to get the most out of your console, you’re going to want a monitor with a max refresh rate of 120Hz or higher. As with resolution, there are other options available aimed at gaming PCs. You can find monitors that go up to 240Hz or even an absurd 360Hz, which really pushes the border of what the human eye can perceive. For the PS5, though, 120fps is the limit. Luckily, there’s a standard refresh rate for monitors just over that cap – 144Hz – that gives you exactly what you need.

What about HDR?

Both PS4 and PS5 games support High Dynamic Range, or HDR, a TV and monitor feature that creates a wider range of in-game darkness and light on 4K monitors with high brightness and color contrast. HDR monitors are brighter overall, with richer, more accurate colors and more nuance in both shadows and bright areas, making images pop more overall. 

There is such a thing as “good” and “bad” HDR. Some monitors support the feature, but lack the maximum brightness to create a true range of lighting conditions. When considering a monitor’s HDR, you want to check its brightness settings: Look for a maximum brightness of at least 500-600 NITs, and that it features full-array local dimming, which determines how much the monitor can change the brightness of specific parts of the screen.

FAQs

The final word on the best monitors for PS5

If you’re already managed to get a PS5, despite its limited availability, then you’re going to want to ensure you have a monitor that’s up to the task. Fortunately, once you understand the specs, it’s fairly easy to narrow down the options and find the best monitors for PS5. Take into account what’s most important to you, whether that’s smooth, 120fps gameplay or crisp 4K images, and choose accordingly based on your budget.

The post The best monitors for PS5 of 2023 appeared first on Popular Science.

Articles may contain affiliate links which enable us to share in the revenue of any purchases made.

Best for serious swimmers		Intex Above-Ground 32-Foot by 16-Foot x 52-Inch Pool		SEE IT	Spacious pool for real swimming.
Best overall		Bestway Power Steel Above-Ground Pool Set		SEE IT	Perfect pool for family parties.
Best for babies and pets		YAHEETECH Foldable Swimming Pool		SEE IT	The whole family can enjoy this easy-to-store pool.

Taking a dip in your own pool is the dream of many homeowners, and thanks to affordable, easy-to-install above-ground pools, it’s never been easier to attain. In-ground pools require industrial construction equipment and cost more than some cars. However, an above-ground pool is a simple way to add fun to just about any backyard. Today’s above-ground models come in a wide variety of styles, materials, and sizes. A large rectangular above-ground pool is great for summer parties. Smaller, inflatable, oval above-ground pools are perfect for young children. If you’re looking for an inexpensive way to stay cool, the best above-ground pool turns your property into an at-home vacation destination.

• Best overall: Bestway Power Above-Ground Pool Set
• Best for serious swimmers: Intex 32-Foot by 16-Foot by 52-Inch Above-Ground Pool
• Best for families: Intex 28211EH Metal Frame Above-Ground Pool
• Best for babies and pets: YAHEETECH Foldable Swimming Pool
• Best budget: Intex Swimming Pool- Easy Set

How we chose the best above-ground pool

Our splashy selections are based on personal testing, research, recommendations, reviews, and user impressions. We culled through specs and perspectives until we narrowed down the choices to ones that fit every yard and need.

The best above-ground pools: Reviews & Recommendations

Ordering a pool online may sound like trying to get a haircut via email. But today’s pools are user-friendly and the product descriptions clearly state the sizes and dimensions to give you a good idea of what the final product looks like. So use our guide to help you find the swimming pool that fits your backyard, can fit your pool float of choice, and has the style and features you want in a warm-weather oasis.

Best overall: Bestway Power Above-Ground Pool Set

Bestway

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Why it made the cut: This mid-priced, mid-sized pool fits in smaller backyards and is easy to set up.

Specs

• Capacity: 1000 gallons
• Dimensions: 168 x 98 x 39.5 inches
• Water depth: 31 inches

Pros

• Good for smaller backyards

Cons

• Included pump is weak

This 14-foot-by-8-foot-by-39-inch Bestway Power Above-Ground Pool Set is a small, yet comfortable way to add warm-weather fun to the lawn. Four adults will have plenty of room to take a dip in the pool. Set up is relatively easy, but you will need two people to get the job done. The walls and supports are strong. The biggest drawback is the inadequate pump. But you can always upgrade the pump and get a more efficient and effective filtration system. For a mid-sized, mid-priced pool, this is a solid solution.

Best for serious swimmers: Intex Above-Ground 32-Foot by 16-Foot by 52-Inch Pool

Intex

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Why it made the cut: This saltwater above-ground pool brings the water workouts to your backyard.

Specs

• Capacity: 14,364 gallons
• Dimensions: 384 x 192 x 52 inches
• Water depth: 45 inches

Pros

• 90-minute set up
• Feel of an in-ground pool

Cons

• Must supply own salt

As above-ground saltwater pools go, the Intex pool is a backyard beast, measuring 36 feet in length and just over four feet deep. That’s long enough to accomplish a genuine swimming workout in your own private lap pool. The steel frame safely holds 14,364 gallons of saltwater. You will need to supply your own salt, though. The included sand filter pumps out 2,650 gallons an hour and makes maintenance simple. If you have the space and want an above-ground model with the feel of an in-ground one, the Intex saltwater pool is your best bet.  

Best for families: Intex 28211EH 12-Foot by 30-Inch Above-Ground Pool

Intex

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Why it made the cut: Fun for the entire family is less than an hour away with this above-ground pool.

Specs

• Capacity: 1,718 gallons
• Dimensions: 144 x 144 x 30 inches
• Water depth: 24 inches

Pros

• Set up takes less than an hour
• Included filter

Cons

• Small for adults
• Lasts less than five years

The circular Intex 28211EH 12-Foot by 30-Inch Above-Ground Pool holds 1,718 gallons of water. That makes this a great choice for kids who want a fun, safe place to splash. You can set it up in less than an hour, and the included filter pump works well enough to keep the pool clean. The lining and walls feel strong, and the supports are tough enough to handle a kid’s birthday party. That said, this pool may not hold up after five years of heavy use. Luckily, the price point is low enough so even if you get a few seasons of swimming in, it’s worth the money. This model is a bit undersized for adults, but your kids and their friends will have a blast in this simple Intex pool.

Best for babies and pets: YAHEETECH Foldable Swimming Pool

YAHEETECH

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Why it made the cut: Sturdiness and durability make this small above-ground pool baby- and dog-proof.

Specs

• Capacity: 106 gallons for XXL
• Dimensions: 63 x 63 x 12 inches
• Water depth: 12 inches

Pros

• Affordable
• Versatile

Cons

• Side panels will cave in if not on a flat surface

You can’t get an Olympic workout in the YAHEETECH Foldable Swimming Pool. In fact, it’s less of a pool than a very large puddle. But for toddlers and dogs, this affordable pool is a lot of fun. The material is strong enough to handle a rowdy Schnauzer and soft enough for your young kids to bump into. The shallow one-foot depth is safe for wobbly kids just learning to walk, though parent supervision is ALWAYS required. As an added bonus, you can use the pool as a sandbox or ball pit. (Or to soak your weary feet.) If you’re looking for the cheapest and easiest way to add summer fun to your outdoor space, this dog pool/baby pool is a fantastic and versatile option. 

Best budget: Intex Swimming Pool, Easy Set, 8 Feet by 30 Inches

Intex

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Why it made the cut: Fast set up with minimal tools required makes this above-ground pool perfect in a pinch.

Specs

• Capacity: 639 gallons
• Dimensions: 96.06 x 96.06 x 29.9 inches
• Water depth: 23 inches

Pros

• No chemicals
• Inflatable

Cons

• Small

Inflatable pools are the easiest to set up and maintain. As far as small above-ground pools go, this Intex swimming pool is the best of the blow-ups. The small, eight-foot diameter pool holds 639 gallons of water—not enough for a pool party, but plenty of room for one or two people. This pool is great for impromptu soaks after a hard day. There are no chemicals to change or filters to clean. You don’t need to snap support rods together or unfold pool covers. When you want to take a dip, inflate and go. There are holes for optional pumps, but this pool is best enjoyed as simply as possible. No need to add electricity and filtration to this solo backyard pool party. (For best results, use it in conjunction with a cocktail and ukulele.) 

What to consider when shopping for the best above-ground pool

Choosing an above-ground pool is easier than you may think. These swimming pools are designed for simple installation and minimal maintenance. Your biggest decision will be size and style. But before taking the plunge, know the do’s and don’ts of choosing an above-ground pool.

Picking the right pool size

Above-ground pool sizes are the first thing to look at when shopping for the best pool. Small, inflatable above-ground pools that hold less than 1,000 gallons of water are the easiest to use. Just inflate it when it’s time to swim and drain it when the party’s over. You don’t have to worry about any filters or chemicals. It’s basically a backyard bathtub, which is ideal for small kids. 

Large above-ground pools that hold more than 1,000 gallons of water will require more maintenance. These pools remain filled with water all season, so a filter and chemicals are needed to keep the water crystal clear and algae-free. There is more upkeep involved with the larger models than the inflatable swimming pools. However, with that said, the daily and weekly maintenance of these large above-ground models is very easy. And compared with the upkeep of a costly in-ground pool, above-ground pool maintenance is a breeze. Large above-ground pools can hold anywhere from 8,000 to 15,000 gallons of water, and they may stretch over 30 feet long. 

Reminder: Don’t forget to check the depth. While above-ground models are typically shallower than in-ground pools, they can still be too deep for small children or unsure swimmers. (Children can drown in as little as 1 inch of water.) The larger swimming pools can reach depths of about 4.5 feet. Smaller pools can be a mere three inches deep. 

Type of above-ground swimming pool

After you decide on a size, it’s time to think about what kind of above-ground pool you want: Inflatable, steel frame, resin frame, aluminum frame, hybrid, or semi-inground. Don’t worry—it’s not as complicated as it sounds. 

Inflatable pools are self-explanatory: Blow it up, fill it with water, and you’re good to go. 

Steel frame above-ground models are held together with vertical steel supports. The walls and floor of the pool can be plastic, vinyl, or resin. These swimming pools are strong, but they’re also heavy and may rust. Steel also gets hot in the sun. Aluminum-frame pools are lighter than steel frame pools, but to prevent oxidation, the aluminum needs some love and care—and a protective coating. 

Resin above-ground pools are made of strong plastic. They are lighter than steel frame pools, and they won’t rust. They can also take a heavy beating without getting a dent, but they do cost more.

Hybrid pools use multiple materials to create a strong pool that will last. Resin is used to keep things light and cool. Steel supports keep everything in place. These hybrid models offer the best of both worlds, and they are less expensive than resin pools. 

Semi-inground pools are a more permanent solution. Also known as radiant pools, these pools are built with a strong wall of stone or vinyl that matches the outdoor decor. They are designed to fit your specific home, so you have customizable options you don’t get with off-the-shelf pools. However, they are expensive and permanent. The upside: Radiant pools look like stylish in-ground swimming pools.

Pool placement

While above-ground pools are versatile, they can’t be placed just anywhere. Inclines are a no-no, as even the slightest hill can push water against the walls of the pool, causing uneven pressure on the sides and liner. Spreading a few bags of sand across the area can help even things out. 

When installing an above-ground model, you must comply with local building codes and regulations. This usually means you can’t place a pool near power lines or too close to property lines. 

You will also need to factor in two to three feet of perimeter space for unobstructed access to the pool. You want a large, flat, open area of grass, sand, or dirt. Don’t put it on concrete or brick. Stay away from trees. And only install it on a deck if the deck is pool-ready and designed for the job.

Saltwater pool vs. chlorine

Most above-ground pools use harsh chemicals like chlorine to keep the water clear. But a saltwater above-ground pool is the safer alternative. While saltwater pools still need cleaning chemicals, they don’t use nearly as much of the stuff. Saltwater pools are becoming popular for those who want to use fewer chemicals and don’t want to be burdened with maintenance. Swimming in saltwater also feels better. The lower chemical content means the water is not as harsh on your eyes and skin. 

Saltwater above-ground pools are just as easy to set up as other types of pools. And you can also buy a conversion kit that turns standard chlorine pools into saltwater pools.

Installation

Once again, inflatable above-ground pools are the easiest to install. Use a pump to fill the pool with air, then add water. The installation is a bit more involved when using a pool made of vertical supports. While each pool will have its own set of instructions, they can usually be set up within an afternoon and don’t require extra power tools if everything snaps in place snugly. But you will need a helping hand or two to avoid frustration. Make sure the spot is level, lay out the various parts, and understand how the liner attaches to the swimming pool. Take your time, and you should have no trouble installing the pool. 

FAQs

Final thoughts on the best above-ground pools

With the best above-ground pool, your backyard becomes a fun zone. From large rectangle above-ground pools for swimming laps to small oval above-ground pools for parties, you can find a great new way to stay cool this season. With an eye on size and shape, zoom in on the model that fits your needs. Whatever style you choose, swim safe and always supervise children. Also, consider making the jump to a saltwater above-ground pool for a more natural, soothing swim. Whatever you choose, one of these pools will transform your home into a neighborhood oasis.

The post The best above-ground pools in 2023 appeared first on Popular Science.

Articles may contain affiliate links which enable us to share in the revenue of any purchases made.

Best extra-large		XP-PEN Artist24 Pro		SEE IT	There’s a ton of real estate on the XP-PEN Artist 24 Pro’s 2K Quad HD display, giving you room to dream big and draw bigger.
Best overall		Wacom Cintiq 16 Drawing Tablet		SEE IT	The Wacom Cintiq 16 Drawing Tablet has all of the bells and whistles that most artists look for in a drawing tablet.
Best cheap		Huion Inspiroy Dial Q620M		SEE IT	Huion is known for making good drawing tablets, and this inexpensive offering gets the essentials right.

It’s never been easier to express your creativity on your computer. With a tablet and a digital pen, you can paint or draw your next masterpiece directly into a digitally native platform. There are lots of great drawing tablets out there, from specialty devices for professionals and hobbyists, and versatile devices for everyday life whose artistic uses are just part of the picture. Whether you’re just getting started, or a professional artist in need of a new device, these are the best drawing tablets.

• Best overall: Wacom Cintiq 16 Drawing Tablet
• Best extra-large: XP-PEN Artist24 Pro
• Best for professionals: Wacom Intuos Pro Large
• Best e-paper: reMarkable 2
• Best for kids: Boogie Board Play and Trace LCD Writing Tablet
• Best for beginners: iPad Air 5
• Best for sketching and note-taking: Surface Pro 8
• Best budget: Huion Inspiroy Dial Q620M

How we selected the best drawing tablets

As a freelance technology critic for over 10 years, I’ve reviewed technology, including tablets, for publications including Popular Mechanics, Tom’s Guide, The Daily Beast, Architectural Digest, Apartment Therapy, and Bob Vila. I tested three of the items on this list and the rest of the selections are based on extensive research, conversations with artists, and reviews from other users.

The best drawing tablets: Reviews & Recommendations

Now that you know the basics, it’s time to go out and pick the best drawing tablet for you. Our list of the best tablets takes a wider approach than similar lists from other publications. In addition to drawing slates for pros from brands like Wacom and Huion, we’ve recommended some everyday tablets that support digital pens and offer strong visual art software. Not everyone who wants to draw on a tablet needs a dedicated drawing tablet.

Best overall: Wacom Cintiq 16 Drawing Tablet

SEE IT

Why it made the cut: The Wacom Cintiq 16 Drawing Tablet has all of the bells and whistles that most artists look for in a drawing tablet. 

Specs

• Screen size: 15.6 inches
• Active area: 13.6 x 7.6 inches
• Maximum screen resolution: 1920 x 1080
• Stylus: Wacom Pro Pen 2 (8192 pressure levels)
• Connectivity: USB-C/HDMI or USB-A/HDMI 2.0 or later
• Standalone: No
• Price: $649.95

Pros

• High-resolution display
• Wacom Pro Pen 2
• Scratch-resistant
• Foldable legs

Cons

• Expensive

The Wacom Cintiq 16 is the best drawing tablet for most people, from beginners to seasoned pros. The 15.6-inch glass display has a large 13.6- by 8.6-inch active area, making it big enough for expressive, lag-free drawing. It has an anti-glare coating that cuts down on potentially distracting reflections and adds a level of friction to help simulate the feeling of drawing on paper. Its express keys are out of the way on the tablet’s rear edge, so they don’t take up valuable screen space. The relatively compact tablet conveniently connects to your computer using an HDMI cable, which produces better video quality than a USB cable and has foldable legs that can provide up to a 19-degree incline. 

The Wacom Cintiq 16’s battery-free, cordless pen is lightweight, pressure-sensitive, and has a natural feel, like you’re writing with a regular pen. It can also tilt up to 60 degrees. The tablet also gives you a little software-enabled help, using anti-jitter technology to ensure you get smooth lines. Between the versatile pen and the high-quality surface, the Cintiq 16 is a well-rounded drawing tablet for hobbyists and pros.

Best extra-large: XP-PEN Artist 24 Pro

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Why it made the cut: There’s a ton of real estate on the XP-PEN Artist 24 Pro’s 2K Quad HD display, giving you room to dream big and draw bigger.

Specs

• Screen size: 23.8 inches
• Active area: 20.74 x 11.67 inches
• Maximum screen resolution: 2560 x 1440
• Stylus: PA6 Battery free stylus (8192 pressure levels)
• Connectivity: HDMI, USB-C
• Standalone: No
• Price: $899.99

Pros

• 2K Quad HD display
• Made for righties and lefties
• Sensitive battery-free pen

Cons

• Heavy
• Expensive

If you want a lot of drawing room, the 23.8-inch XP-PEN Artist 24 Pro provides a ton of space to create your work. The 2K QHD display realizes your designs in vivid color, allowing you to notice even the smallest details. It’s built for comfort: The tablet’s stand is adjustable and can tilt up to 60 degrees, making it easy for you to find your sweet spot. It also accommodates both right- and left-handed artists, with dials and shortcut keys on both sides of the tablet for ambidextrous access. Either way, all 20 shortcut keys are customizable so you can set the tablet to meet your needs. The XP-Pen Artist 24 Pro comes with a battery-free stylus, which features 8192 levels of pressure sensitivity and 60-degree tilt, giving you the most sensitive digital drawing experience.

It’s worth noting, however, that at 15.43 pounds this is a strictly in-office/studio device.

Best for professionals: Wacom Intuos Pro Large Digital Graphic Drawing Tablet

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Why it made the cut: The Wacom Intuos Pro Digital Graphic Drawing Tablet provides creative control and all of the necessary tools for experts.

Specs

• Screen size: N/A
• Active area: 12.1 x 8.4 inches
• Maximum screen resolution: N/A
• Stylus/Sensitivity: Wacom Pro Pen 2 (8192 pressure levels)
• Connectivity: USB 
• Standalone: No 
• Price: $499.95

Pros

• Bluetooth connectivity
• Pen supports 8192 pressure levels
• Multitouch technology
• Touchring

Cons

• May be difficult for new users to learn

Wacom is popular among creative professionals—and for good reason. The company has over 35 years in digital pen technology, and its products are used by everyone from fashion designers to animators and filmmakers. The Wacom Intuos Pro is a surprisingly slim and lightweight tablet at 16.8 by 11.2 inches and weighs only 2.86 pounds. However, the black anodized aluminum and fiberglass composite resin make it a sturdy choice. The battery-free Wacom Pro Pen 2 is extremely pressure-sensitive and tilts 60 degrees. There’s also a pen stand included to keep the stylus safe and out of the way when not in use.

The Wacom Intuos Pro is a graphic drawing tablet, which means it doesn’t have a screen. It connects to your Mac or Windows PC via USB, or wirelessly over Bluetooth. Its multi-touch functionality lets you easily scroll, zoom, and navigate your art via the tablet. (You can also turn touch-based gestures off if they mess with your flow.) 

For a true traditionalist, there’s also a more expensive “paper edition” Intuos Pro, which adds the ability to convert paper drawings inked with a special pen into a digital image. Drawing on paper over your tablet may seem like a waste of time on paper, but it may make a world of difference for some artists.

Best e-paper: reMarkable 2

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Why it made the cut: The reMarkable 2 has the most realistic paper feel, and provides a lot of functionality.

Specs

• Screen size: 10.3 inches
• Maximum screen resolution: 1872 x 1404
• Stylus/Sensitivity: Marker with pen tip (4096 levels of pressure sensitivity)
• Connectivity: Wi-Fi, USB-C
• Standalone: Yes
• Price: $399.00

Pros

• Can be used as a digital whiteboard
• Undo, erase, and move functions
• Ultra-thin (.19”)
• Marker does not have to charge

Cons

• Expensive
• No backlight if using at night
• Subscription required for Google and Dropbox support.

If you’re specifically looking for a black-and-white, paper-style experience, the reMarkable 2 is the way to go. The ultra-thin tablet features a unique 10.3-inch “Canvas” display that simulates the look and feel of reading and writing on paper. Though it feels like a whole other world, it integrates into your digital life surprisingly well, converting articles from the web to a more focused, book-like form, converting handwritten notes into text, and sharing your tablet screen via a desktop or laptop. For artists, built-in templates and layers make it easy to start drawing, and there are brushes and tools to fit any type of project. ReMarkable’s proprietary stylus, the Marker, features a high-friction pen tip and doesn’t need to be charged.

While it’s impressive in many ways, it’s worth pointing out that using a paper-style tablet is a choice, with limited functionality compared to the iPad or Surface models on this list. If you’re willing to commit, though, it is incredibly good at what it does.

Best for kids: Boogie Board Play and Trace

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Why it made the cut: As an affordable, kid-friendly tablet, the Boogie Board Play and Trace is an irresistible pick for little artists.

Specs

• Screen Size: 8.75
• Active area: 8.75 inches
• Maximum screen resolution: N/A
• Stylus: Boogie Board stylus
• Connectivity: Battery powered
• Standalone: Yes
• Price: $23.53

Pros

• Inexpensive 
• Durable
• Easy to erase
• Battery operated

Cons

• Stylus isn’t tethered

The Boogie Board Play and Trace LCD Writing Tablet is a great way to introduce your kids to drawing and writing. The battery-powered 13.5 by 9 tablet features a large, semi-transparent screen that lets your child trace their favorite image or draw freehand.

The Play and Trace also comes with templates to teach the basics of writing and drawing. It comes with a stylus, but kids can use pencils, markers, and even fingernails can be used on the surface without damaging the tablet. And, at 13.6 ounces, it’s light enough that even young kids can carry it around and use it on their own. That’s important because who knows where that stylus will wind up once your kid gets a hold of it.

Best for beginners: Apple iPad Air 5

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Why it made the cut: The iPad Air opens the door for digital drawing, but it’s great for everything else, too.

Specs

• Screen size: 10.9 inches
• Active area: N/A
• Maximum screen resolution: 2360 x 1640
• Stylus: Apple Pencil 2 (Sold separately)
• Connectivity: USB-C
• Standalone: Yes
• Price: $519.99

Pros:

• Camera
• Liquid Retina display
• Touch ID

Cons:

• Expensive
• Doesn’t come with a stylus

When you hear the word “tablet,” chances are that the iPad is the first thing that comes to mind. While it isn’t made specifically for drawing, pairing one with a stylus, especially the Apple Pencil 2, turns it into a fairly sophisticated and versatile tool for making digital art. The 10.9-inch iPad Air 5 is our favorite tablet. It has an edge-to-edge liquid retina display that is practically edgeless and makes images look true to life. Its Apple M1 chip is powerful enough to make drawing and other tasks, such as shooting and editing videos, and transferring files, quick and easy. And at 1lb, it is also far easier to carry around than most drawing tablets. 

The biggest disadvantage of the iPad, specifically as a drawing tablet, is that it doesn’t come with a stylus. That keeps the cost of the iPad down and gives you the option to pick one up on the cheap, but budding artists will want to drop the extra $129.99 on the Apple Pencil 2, which creates sharp lines, offers a variety of smart features, and even attaches magnetically to the side.

Best for sketching and note-taking: Microsoft Surface Pro 8

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Why it made the cut: It’s expensive, but the Surface Pro 8 can effectively replace a laptop while providing excellent drawing capabilities.

Specs

• Screen size: 13 inches
• Maximum screen resolution: 2880 x 1920
• Stylus/Sensitivity: Surface Slim Pen 2 (Sold separately) (4096 pressure levels)
• Connectivity: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, USB
• Standalone: Yes
• Price: $1,219.99

Pros:

• Facial recognition 
• Multifunctional tablet
• 4096 levels of pressure sensitivity

Cons:

• Really expensive
• Surface Slim Pen 2 Sold Separately

The Microsoft Surface Pro 8 is made for multitasking. The 13-inch touchscreen tablet has a plethora of features, ranging from Dolby Vision to automatic color and brightness sensors to the Iris X graphics, which provide more than enough tools and power to seamlessly switch between sketching and taking notes without skipping a beat. With powerful specs and Windows 11 as its operating system, this is the only device on this list that could truly function as a laptop replacement.

Like the iPad, the Surface technically isn’t a dedicated drawing tablet, so it doesn’t come with a stylus. Microsoft has an incredible new pen to go with it, though, in the Surface Slim Pen 2. The $129.99 Surface pen senses 4096 levels of pressure, and creates tactile feedback, simulating the sensation of applying pencil to paper.

Best budget: Huion Inspiroy Dial Q620M

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Why it made the cut: Huion is known for making good tablets, and this one is an inexpensive offering that provides the necessary features.

Specs

• Active area: 10.5 x 6.6 inches
• Maximum screen resolution: N/A
• Stylus/Sensitivity: Battery-free Pen PW500 (8192 pressure levels)
• Connectivity: Wireless
• Standalone: No
• Price: $109.99

Pros

• Inexpensive
• Wireless connectivity
• 8192 levels of pressure sensitivity

Cons

• Doesn’t work with iPhone or iPad 

If you want a drawing tablet that won’t break the bank, the Huion Inspiroy Dial Q620M Drawing Tablet provides a lot of functionality for the price. The graphics (display-free) tablet can connect wirelessly to both PC and Android devices, and the wireless receiver can hold a charge for 20 hours, which makes it convenient and trouble-free. The durable and anti-sweat tablet board is scratch- and fingerprint-resistant and has a frosted matte finish to create the feel of drawing on paper. 

The tablet, which weighs 3.13 pounds, uses a dial controller and also has eight programmable hotkeys. The battery-free pen, which comes in a pen holder, has a 60-degree tilt for accurate drawings. A small nitpick: The tablet works with Windows, macOS, and Android, but not iOS.

What to consider when buying the best drawing tablets

For most people, a drawing tablet is a tool, not a toy. Picking the best drawing tablet for you will come down to your needs as an artist. Those needs may not translate one-to-one with tablet specs, so here’s a brief primer on the most important elements of the device. These are the places where the best drawing tablets will excel.

The drawing surface

At home or in a studio, a larger tablet provides more room for those broad strokes and makes it easier to see what you’re doing. For some, however, it may make more sense to go with a smaller, lighter tablet that’s easier to transport. In general, larger tablets tend to be more expensive, so your choices may be limited by your budget.

Pen/Stylus

Most drawing tablets come with a digital pen, also commonly known as a stylus. While all digital pens are styluses, not all styluses are digital pens: In general, a digital pen works in conjunction with a specific device or set of devices, offering variable pressure sensitivity and digital buttons. Since most tablets offer a pen by default, with only a few upgrade options, finding one that feels right is as important as any aspect of the tablet itself.

Ideally, your digital pen feels comfortable to grip and allows for smooth strokes. Its ability to simulate the various types of marks you make with a pen or pencil largely comes down to its sensitivity, measured in levels of pressure. A pen with high pressure sensitivity picks up even light pen strokes, making it easy to create different shades and shapes without digital augmentation. Right now, most professional drawing tablets come with styluses that feature 8192 pressure levels. Some less expensive drawing tablets, including multi-functional devices like the Microsoft Surface line’s Slim Pen 2, offer 4096 levels. In the same vein, many pro-grade tablet pens feature “60-degree tilt,” which allows you to press down on the pen tip from many angles, offering much a wider range of marks, and less frustration.

Battery life: Your tablet’s and your pen’s

Depending on your tablet, battery life may be a major concern. While many dedicated drawing tablets plug directly into a PC for power, some are wireless and may need to be charged mid-project, especially if you also use it for taking notes, watching videos, and other things.

Some pens require charging, while others don’t. Digital pens for conventional tablets, like the Apple Pencil 2, draw power when attached to a tablet. Wacom (and, more recently, others) make battery-free digital pens that use a magnetic field emanating from the pen tip to achieve nuanced pressure sensitivity. While the phrase “battery-free” is somewhat disingenuous in some cases—many of them still need power from their tablets to power buttons and other features—they do not need to be charged for long stretches.

When choosing between a drawing tablet that has a pen with a battery or not, keep in mind that batteries provide convenience. With some pens,  a single charge can last for up to two months, but you will need to remember to charge the pen. A battery-free pen (like Wacom’s) does not require batteries or charging is extremely convenient… Until it stops working. While changing the batteries solves most of the problems associated with a battery-operated pen, you may have to go through the company’s endless list of troubleshooting steps to figure out what’s wrong with a battery-free pen.  

Connectivity

No matter what tablet you have, you’ll need to connect it to a PC when you’re done to edit and/or share your work. A USB-C to USB-C wired connection will allow you to connect your tablet to a computer without an adapter, providing a faster, more secure connection. Some high-end tablets use HDMI, rather than USB, to provide a superior video image. Some people prefer the cordless convenience of WiFi, but it introduces extra limitations, including the need for a strong network connection.

Adjustable stand

Just as you put a drawing pad on an easel, it’s important to put your tablet in the right position before starting an art project. Having some kind of adjustable base or stand, whether built-in or detachable, allows you to tilt the screen so it sits at the best angle for you to draw comfortably. 

FAQs

Final thoughts on the best drawing tablets

Whether you’re a professional artist or just dipping your toe into the world of art, there’s a drawing tablet to meet your needs. The Wacom 16 Cintiq Drawing tablet is hard to beat since it offers most of the available features emerging and seasoned artists desire. That said, each tablet on this list was picked to help a different subset of artists, from those who want the cheapest possible tablet that actually works to high-end tablets for pros to multifunctional tablets for newcomers who just want to doodle and take notes by hand. Drawing tablets can feel unapproachable because it’s a niche piece of gear, but everyone’s needs are valid.

The post The best drawing tablets of 2023 appeared first on Popular Science.

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Best overall		Uniden R7		SEE IT	This detector has built-in GPS, and plug-and-play simplicity that doesn’t need a phone.
Best connected		Valentine 1 Gen2		SEE IT	If you like to customize your gear, and don’t mind pairing your phone, the app support is second to none.
Best stealth		Escort Redline 360c		SEE IT	If you want it all and money is no object, this radar detector has it.

A solid radar detector can make you more aware of what’s going on around you while you drive. It’s no secret that with the proliferation of more powerful engines and often even quieter cabins, it’s easier to go faster now than it has been in previous years. Imagine you find yourself, in a newer SUV, going up a hill and the speed limit is much lower than if it feels safe to drive. You spot the highway patrol car going the other way and you get a “slow down” wave. Maybe you get lucky and the officer doesn’t flip his lights on and turn around. A robust radar detector tells you when radar is in use, and gives drivers the opportunity to make adjustments to their speed accordingly. The best radar detectors can detect all the commonly used methods for checking a vehicle’s speed, and they do it far enough out to give you time to react. 

• Best overall: Uniden R7
• Best connected: Valentine 1 Gen2
• Best stealth: Escort Redline 360c
• Best mid-range: Uniden R3
• Best budget: Cobra RAD 480i

How we chose the best radar detectors 

As an automotive journalist of more than eight years, I’ve written for some of the biggest names in the business, and I bring that experience into my favorite space: aftermarket. Whether it’s modifications to the hard parts or to the technology in the cabin, I’m interested in learning more and finding the best the industry has to offer. For this list of radar detectors I wasn’t able to get hands-on, so I used a method of aggregating reviews from across the internet on Amazon, rdforum.org, and the hands-on reviews from Vortex Radar. 

I eliminated a number of the cheaper units right off due to poor testing results, and cut out a number of brands that were outlandishly priced. I then assembled a wide range that covered the gamut of prices out there that represented good quality for their feature sets. If there were a few radar detectors in a certain price range, I compared to see what had the most useful features and selected the best in each set. The radar detectors, and companies, represented on this list all have a history of supporting their products as well and can be thought of as a good place to start your research and shopping.

The best radar detectors: Reviews & Recommendations

Much like dash cams, radar detectors can keep your driving in check. Here’s what we found to help control your need for speed.

Best overall: Uniden R7

Uniden

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Why it made the cut: Offering an excellent value, the Uniden R7 features an amazing range, GPS for logging common false alarms, and it doesn’t require a separate mobile device to utilize the GPS.

Specs

• Directional arrows: Yes
• GPS: Built-in
• Connectivity: N/A

Pros 

• Great detection range
• Built-in GPS
• Redlight/speed camera alerts

Cons 

• Not completely undetectable to radar detector detectors
• Mute button on side of unit
• No Bluetooth/phone app integration

Uniden makes some excellent radar detectors but the company’s R7 is the best value overall. The upgraded R8 adds a few nice features over the R7 but it also adds a few hundred dollars to the price tag. That said, the R7 gets you a solid collection of features that makes it one of the best radar detectors out of the box, especially for the price point. The unit features directional arrows, multiple brightness settings, and a built-in GPS. The onboard GPS allows you to easily mark false alarms and set alerts for school zones and speed traps automatically. 

The built-in GPS eschews the need for it to connect to a smartphone for location services. But that also means the Uniden R7 must be updated via USB cable. That means you’d have to separately run an app like Waze to take advantage of data aggregation with other users. The only other downsides are the awkward side-button placement of the mute button (which you use to silence false alarms) and a mixed bag when it comes to detectability.

Best connected: Valentine 1 Gen2

Valentine One

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Why it made the cut: The Valentine V1 Gen2 is the latest version of the radar detector you probably remember from “back in the day,” but with the tech to keep up in 2023.

Specs

• Directional arrows: Yes
• GPS: via phone
• Connectivity: Bluetooth

Pros 

• Beautiful magnesium case
• Old-school LED is classic, and easy to see
• App integration is top-notch

Cons 

• GPS-enabled features require phone
• Retro looks not for everyone

The Valentine V1 Gen2 is neck-and-neck with the Uniden R7 for range and is a popular choice. The retro style is heavily reminiscent of the previous version and is wrapped in a high-quality magnesium case instead of the plastic common in many other units. The unit pairs with an app on your phone to enable a whole suite of crowd-sourced information, like GPS lockouts, muting at lower speed, and a display of which frequency has been detected. You can fine-tune a lot when it comes to this setup, so it’s fun for people who like to make tweaks to the setup they run. Android power users, I’m looking at you.

This is probably a skip if you don’t plan to pair it with your phone as it won’t have access to many of its attractive features. On the plus side, even without pairing with a phone, the arrows (which Valentine pioneered) help identify the direction of the source of the suspected speed-check. Though it seems a little basic at first glance, it’s helpful when identifying the source of a threat, especially if it’s to one side and you’re on a two-lane road, since it’s likely to be another car’s blind-spot monitor or the automatic door of a convenience store.

If you don’t have a problem bringing your phone with you to enable the extra functionality, then the Valentine V1 Gen2 is a fantastic choice. Additionally, tying that functionality in with a mobile app gives Valentine the opportunity to keep the unit relevant for longer, especially when the competition is often limited with what’s baked into the hardware from the factory.

Best stealth: Escort Redline 360c

Escort

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Why it made the cut: If you want the absolute best with all the bells and whistles—and money is no object—then the Redline 360c should be on your shortlist.

Specs

• Directional arrows: Yes
• GPS: Built-in
• Connectivity: Bluetooth/Wi-Fi

Pros 

• Massive array of features
• Excellent false-alert filtering
• Mobile device integration

Cons 

• Expensive
• Suffering from availability issues

The Escort Redline 360c is easily the most expensive model on this list but taking a look at its capabilities should explain why. It offers excellent long-range detection, built-in GPS, undetectable to radar-detector detectors, and can be expanded with Bluetooth phone connectivity. The firmware also automatically updates over Wi-Fi. To top it off, the unit has a full complement of arrows so you know the direction of the signal, and high-quality OLED displays that share signal type and intensity. If you want even more information, then connecting to a phone app allows you to get real-time alerts from the community of Escort radar detector users. The unit will auto-learn as you drive and operate it, automatically filtering out common false alarms.

The main downsides to the Redline 360c are related to availability and price. Though listed for less than $800 on their website, the units were several hundred more on Amazon and in limited supply. Escort notes the issue on their website, which is likely due to the microchip shortage plaguing the country. 

Do note that there is another radar detector from Escort called the Max 360c, which is not the same as the Redline 360c. Though the primary distinction is the “detectability,” as the Max 360c is not “stealth” when it comes to radar detector detectors.

Best mid-range: Uniden R3

Uniden

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Why it made the cut: If you want radar detection, but can’t justify the eye-watering price tag of the segment leaders, the R3 gets you a good range with a limited feature set.

Specs

• Directional arrows: N/A
• GPS: Built-in
• Connectivity: N/A

Pros 

• Built-in GPS allows manual marking
• Low-speed muting
• “Stealth” to some detection devices

Cons 

• More false alarms
• No phone connectivity
• Limited speed camera detection

When you start chasing the low-price leaders there’s a lot to lose, but you don’t lose as much with the Uniden R3. The R3 can detect well at long range and even has a built-in GPS, allowing users to manually mark false alarms, improving the detector’s capability on the roads you frequent. GPS allows the R3 to mute automatically when the vehicle is at low speeds and has access to a database of stationary/marked redlight and speed cameras. The R3 can detect all the common bands, as well as laser and MultaRadar. The R3 is also only detectable at closer range on the commonly used RDD devices. 

You will have to accept some compromises. The unit lacks directional arrows (common for the price) and is more limited in its ability to detect speed cameras. Additionally, the lack of Bluetooth means you’ll have to run an app like Waze separately to get real-time updates to threats. More expensive models offer that natively. All this translates to more false alarms than the best units. More alarms can be annoying since you don’t want to have to get on the brakes for every blind-spot monitor and automatic door you pass. 

If you want detection capability on a budget, and don’t mind marking your own locations, or running another app on your phone for real-time alerts, then the Uniden R3 is a great affordable choice.

Best budget: Cobra RAD 480i

Cobra

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Why it made the cut: The Cobra RAD 480i is capital-A affordable, above all, but it gets passing marks from reviewers and covers the basics.

Specs

• Directional arrows: N/A
• GPS: N/A
• Connectivity: Bluetooth

Pros 

• Detects all the bands police use, and radar
• Bluetooth connectivity
• The price is right

Cons 

• Lacks built-in GPS
• Detection range lacking

The Cobra RAD 480i doesn’t have a fancy color display or directional arrows but it does the basics. The Cobra can detect radar and laser at a helpful distance but its real strength is in its Bluetooth connectivity. On its own, that wouldn’t be enough to set the Cobra apart from the rest, but on the back end Cobra shares data with Escort, since both brands are made by the same company. That means insights and live data come from a wide user base tied to the more expensive Escort units but at a bargain price. 

A subscription is required but, for an entry price of less than $200, it might be worth the downsides for some users. Pricing for the subscription runs $49.99 per year, or $4.99 per month. The lack of built-in GPS means you’ll need your phone paired and running Cobra’s app to benefit from the tracking and marking features. But, pairing a radar detector with a robust app and community means more coverage than is possible with apps like Waze alone.

Each unit gets a 1-year subscription with a purchase, so some buyers may want to consider a radar detector like the Cobra RAD 480i to see if it’s useful for them before stepping up to something with higher upfront investment.

Things to consider before buying the best radar detectors

The situation has changed for the majority of the country and, though there are still departments that use officers set up on the side of the road with a radar gun, more often than not they can check a vehicle’s speed while driving down the road, even going the opposite direction. That being said, the laws surrounding their use have changed as well and radar detectors aren’t legal to use in every state, so do your homework before hanging one on the windshield of your car. 

We’re absolutely not suggesting or condoning speeding, but we all make mistakes. When a modern minivan makes nearly 300 hp, not to mention the instant torque of today’s electric vehicles, it’s easy to find yourself going with the flow of traffic, even if that flow is above the posted limit. 

Legality

Before buying, and using, a radar detector you should make sure your state, or the states you’ll be driving in, have not outlawed their use. As of the time of publication, only Virginia and Washington, D.C., have banned the devices themselves but several others limit the use of devices mounted to the windshield. If you’re in a commercial vehicle, however, or on a military base, their use is prohibited across the nation. Check state and local laws before purchasing and using one.

Features

There’s a lot that goes into making a radar detector and, like many devices, you do get what you pay for. I’ve included a few budget choices as well, but think of it as a compromise, where you hear more false alerts or are getting less precise information. Though not ideal, you can balance the need for features with where you spend most of your time driving. If you’re spending a lot of your time on the highway, or in rural areas, you could skip the GPS feature. If you’re in a city, then GPS and robust filtering can help avoid false alarms every time you pass a gas station or speed sign.

Bands

You’re going to start seeing a lot of acronyms, and different letters, but the very best radar detectors will cover all the relevant bands. Simply put, if your detector beeps, it probably means something bad. X band is one of the oldest frequencies still in use, though it has been retired by most departments. This is more common in rural areas, but can often be ignored by your detector if desired. More commonly used today are the K and Ka bands, which are harder to detect at longer distances. The downside, and why good filtering and GPS are important, is that many other sources of radar operate on the same frequency. That includes automatic doors and blind-spot monitoring systems on other cars. A new technology called MultaRadar (or MRCD/MRCT/photo radar) uses the K band, but modulates the frequency it uses, making it impossible to detect if your radar unit isn’t equipped to.

FAQs

Final thoughts on the best radar detectors

Running a radar detector can be incredibly helpful for drivers looking to improve their situational awareness, whether you’re addicted to speed or you just drive a new car and enjoy jamming out and losing yourself a bit too much. If you decide to buy one of the best radar detectors remember to think about how you’ll use it, and where you’ll spend the majority of your time driving, then match your radar detector’s features accordingly.

The post The best radar detectors of 2023 appeared first on Popular Science.

Articles may contain affiliate links which enable us to share in the revenue of any purchases made.

This article originally appeared in Knowable Magazine.

The seizures started when Samantha Gundel was just four months old. By her first birthday, she was taking a cocktail of three different anticonvulsant medicines. A vicious cycle of recurrent pneumonia, spurred on by seizure-induced inhalation of regurgitated food, landed the young toddler in and out of the hospital near her Westchester County home in New York State.

Genetic testing soon confirmed her doctors’ suspicions: Samantha, now age 4, has Dravet syndrome, an incurable form of epilepsy. Her brain was misfiring because of a mutation that is unlike those responsible for most genetic diseases; it’s a type that has long eluded the possibility of correction. Available drugs could help alleviate symptoms, but there was nothing that could address the root cause of her disease.

That’s because the mutation at the heart of Dravet creates a phenomenon known as haploinsufficiency, in which a person falls ill if they have only a single working copy of a gene. That lone gene simply can’t produce enough protein to serve its molecular purpose. In the case of Dravet, that means that electrical signaling between nerve cells gets thrown out of whack, leading to the kinds of neuronal shock waves that trigger seizures.

Most genes are not like this. Though the human genome contains two copies of almost every gene, one inherited from each parent, the body can generally do fine with just one.

Not so for genes such as SCN1A, the main culprit behind Dravet. For SCN1A and hundreds of other known genes like it, there’s a delicate balance of molecular activity that is needed to ensure proper function. Too little activity is a problem — and oftentimes, so is too much.

This Goldilocks paradigm partially explains why conventional gene therapy strategies are ill-suited to the task of haploinsufficiency correction. With therapies of this kind — several of which are now available to treat “recessive” genetic diseases such as the blood disorder beta thalassemia and a form of inherited vision loss — the amount of protein made by an introduced gene just needs to cross a minimum threshold to undo the disease process.

In those contexts, it’s not a problem if the added gene is overactive — there’s a floor, but no ceiling, to therapeutic protein levels. That is simply not the case with many dosage-sensitive diseases like Dravet, especially for brain disorders in which too much protein can overexcite neuronal activity, says Gopi Shanker, who served as chief scientific officer of Tevard Biosciences in Cambridge, Massachusetts, until earlier this year. “That’s what makes it more challenging,” he says.

Adding to the challenge: The special types of modified viruses that are used to ferry therapeutic genes into human cells can handle only so much extra DNA — and the genes at the heart of Dravet and many related haploinsufficiency disorders are much too big to fit inside of these delivery vehicles.

Overlooked no more

Faced with these technical and molecular hurdles, the biotechnology industry long ignored haploinsufficiencies. For more than 30 years, companies jostled to get a piece of the drug development action in other areas of rare genetic disease — for cystic fibrosis, say, or for hemophilia — but conditions like Dravet got short shrift. “It’s one of the most neglected classes of disorder,” says Navneet Matharu, cofounder and chief scientific officer of Regel Therapeutics, based in Berkeley, California, and Boston.

Not anymore. Thanks to new therapeutic ideas and a better understanding of disease processes, Regel, Tevard and a group of other biotech startups are taking aim at Dravet, with experimental treatments and technologies that they say should serve as testing grounds for going after haploinsufficiency diseases more broadly.

Currently, there’s little to offer patients with these maladies other than drugs to aid with symptom control, says Kenneth Myers, a pediatric neurologist at Montreal Children’s Hospital who cowrote an article about emerging therapies for Dravet and similar genetic epilepsies in the 2022 issue of the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. But thanks to new advances, he says, “there’s a huge reason for optimism.”

Samantha, for one, now seems to have her disease under control because of a drug called STK-001; it is the first ever to be evaluated clinically that addresses the root cause of Dravet.

Between February and April 2022, doctors thrice inserted a long needle into the young girl’s lower spine and injected the investigational therapy, which is designed to bump up levels of the sodium-shuttling protein whose deficiency is responsible for Dravet. It seemed to work. For a time, Samantha lived nearly seizure-free — presumably because the increased protein levels helped correct electrical imbalances in her brain.

She went from epileptic attacks every 7 to 10 days, on average, to nothing for months on end. Her verbal skills improved, as did her physical capabilities. Her gait improved and her tremors disappeared.

Eventually, as the therapy wore off, Samantha began to backslide, with seizures returning every couple of weeks or so. But she started receiving additional doses of STK-001 under a new trial protocol in October 2022, and since then has experienced only two epileptic episodes over the span of six months. “It’s really pretty amazing,” says her mother, Jenni Barnao.

“Is it a cure? No.… But this is absolutely our best shot,” Barnao says. “There’s definitely something with this drug that’s very good. Her brain is just working better.”

Give a boost

The STK-001 treatment relies on the fact that the normal activity of genes is somewhat inefficient and wasteful. When genes get decoded into mRNA, the resulting sequences require further cutting and splicing before they’re mature and ready to serve as guides for making protein. But often, this process is sloppy and doesn’t result in usable product.

Which is where STK-001 comes in.

A kind of “antisense” therapy, STK-001 consists of short, synthetic pieces of RNA that are tailor-made to stick to part of the SCN1A gene transcript and, as a result, make productive cutting and splicing more efficient. The synthetic pieces glom on to mRNA from the one working version of the gene that people with Dravet have and help to ensure that unwanted bits of the mRNA sequence are spliced out, just as a movie editor might cut scenes that detract from a film’s story. As a result, more functional ion channel protein gets made than would otherwise happen.

Protein levels don’t get completely back to normal. According to mouse studies, there’s a 50 percent to 60 percent boost, not a full doubling of the relevant protein in the brain. But that bump seems to be enough to make a real impact on patients’ lives.

Stoke Therapeutics, the company in Bedford, Massachusetts, that is behind STK-001, reported at the American Epilepsy Society’s 2022 Annual Meeting that 20 of the first 27 Dravet patients to receive multiple doses of the therapy in early trials experienced reductions in seizure frequency. The greatest benefits were observed among young children like Samantha whose brains have accumulated less damage from years of debilitating seizures and abnormal cell function. Larger confirmatory trials that could lead to marketing approval are scheduled to begin next year.

Stoke is hardly alone in its quest to fix Dravet and haploinsufficiency disorders more generally. Several other biotech startups are nearing clinical trials with their own technological approaches to enhancing what working gene activity remains. Encoded Therapeutics, for example, will soon begin enrolling participants for a trial of its experimental Dravet therapy, ETX-001; it uses an engineered virus to deliver a protein that ramps up SCN1A gene activity so that many more mRNA copies are made of the single, functional gene.

And if any of these companies succeed in reversing the course of Dravet, their technologies could then be adapted to take on any comparable disease, says Orrin Devinsky, a neurologist at NYU Langone Health who works with several of the firms and is involved in Samantha’s care. “An effective therapy would provide a potential platform to address other haploinsufficiencies,” he says.

New targets, new tactics

Stoke will soon put that idea to the test.

Buoyed by the early promise of its Dravet therapeutic, the company developed a second drug candidate, STK-002, that similarly targets splicing to turn nonproductive gene transcripts into constructive ones. But in this case, it’s designed to tackle an inherited vision disorder known as autosomal dominant optic atrophy, caused by haploinsufficiency of a gene called OPA1. In this disease, a single working copy of OPA1 is not enough to sustain proper nerve signaling from the eyes to the brain.

Clinical evaluation of STK-002 is expected to start next year. Meanwhile, in partnership with Acadia Pharmaceuticals of San Diego, Stoke is also exploring treatments for Rett syndrome and SYNGAP1-related intellectual disability, both severe brain disorders caused by insufficient protein levels.

Stoke’s splice-modulating approach flows naturally from the success of another antisense drug, Spinraza. Developed by Ionis Pharmaceuticals in collaboration with Biogen, Spinraza also works on splicing of mRNA transcripts to promote production of a missing protein. In 2016, it became the first therapy approved for treating a rare neuromuscular disorder called spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).

SMA is somewhat different, though. It isn’t a haploinsufficiency — it occurs when both gene copies are defective, not just one — but it’s an unusual disease from a genetics standpoint. Because of a quirk in the human genome, it turns out that people have a kind of backup gene that doesn’t normally function because its mRNA undergoes faulty splicing. With Spinraza acting as a guide to help the mRNA splice correctly, that backup gene can be made operational and do the job that the damaged gene copies can’t do.

Few diseases are like this. But Stoke’s scientific cofounders, molecular geneticist Adrian Krainer of Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory in New York (who helped to develop Spinraza) and his former postdoctoral researcher Isabel Aznarez, realized that there was a whole world of other ailments — haploinsufficiencies — for which this type of splice modulation could be beneficial.

Spinraza was the prototype. Stoke’s portfolio is full of the next-generation editions. “We brought it to the next level,” says Aznarez, who now serves as head of discovery research at Stoke.

Striking a balance

There was a time when Dravet researchers were more focused on traditional gene replacement therapies. They aimed to insert a working version of the SCN1A gene into the genome of a virus and then introduce the engineered virus into brain cells. The problems proved manifold, though.

For starters, the virus vehicles generally used in gene therapy strategies — adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) — are too small to hold all 6,030 of the DNA letters that constitute the SCN1A gene sequence.

Researchers tried a few potential workarounds. At University College London, for example, gene therapist Rajvinder Karda and her colleagues split the SCN1A gene in half and delivered both parts into mice in different virus carriers. And at the University of Toronto, neuroscientist David Hampson and his group tried introducing a smaller gene that would fit in a single AAV vector and compensate for the SCN1A deficiency in an indirect way.

But none of those efforts advanced past mouse experiments. And while it is technically feasible to deliver the entire SCN1A gene into cells if you use other kinds of viral vectors, as researchers at the University of Navarra in Spain showed in mice, those viruses are generally considered unsafe for use in people.

What is more, even if gene replacement could be made to work, there are many reasons to think it would not be ideal for diseases like Dravet in which the underlying defect is mediated by an imbalance of protein levels. The amount of protein produced by those kinds of gene therapies can be unpredictable, and so are the types of cells that end up manufacturing the proteins.

To get protein levels just right, scientists say, it is best to follow the cell’s own lead, tapping into the ways that it naturally produces the protein of interest only in certain tissues of the body, and then providing a therapeutic nudge to aid the process along.

CAMP4 Therapeutics, for example, is using antisense therapies, like Stoke. But instead of targeting the splicing of gene transcripts, CAMP4’s drugs are directed at regulatory molecules that act like rheostats to control how much of those transcripts are made in the first place. By blocking or stabilizing different regulatory molecules, the company claims it can ramp up the activity of target genes in a precise and tunable way.

“It’s basically teaching the body to do it a little bit better,” says Josh Mandel-Brehm, president and CEO of CAMP4, which is based in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

In theory, the gene-editing technology known as CRISPR could obviate the need for all of these therapeutic approaches. Gene editing allows you to perfectly correct a mistake in a gene — so one could edit a faulty DNA sequence to correct it and render kids with Dravet or some other haploinsufficiency disease as good as new.

But the technology is nowhere near ready for prime time. (Some of the first CRISPR therapies to be tested in children have failed to demonstrate much benefit.) Plus, any gene-correction therapy would have to be tailored to the unique nature of a given patient’s mutations — and there are more than 1,200 Dravet-causing mutations in the SCN1A gene alone.

That’s why Jeff Coller, an RNA biologist at Johns Hopkins University and a scientific cofounder of Tevard, prefers therapeutic strategies that can address all manner of disease-causing alterations in a gene of interest, as most companies are doing now. “Having a mutation-agnostic technology is a way of going after the entire cohort of patients,” he says.

Tevard, whose mission is to “reverse” Dravet syndrome (the company’s name is Dravet spelled backward), is approaching this challenge in various ways. Some involve engineered versions of other RNAs that are key for protein production; known as “transfer” RNAs, they help to ferry amino acid building blocks to the growing protein strands. Others are intended to help bring beneficial regulatory molecules to sites of SCN1A gene activity.

But all of Tevard’s therapeutic candidates remain at least a year away from clinical testing, whereas STK-001 is in human trials today. So the company’s chief executive, Daniel Fischer — who, along with board chair and cofounder Warren Lammert, has a daughter affected by Dravet — is considering enrolling his child, now 13, in the Stoke trial rather than waiting for his own company’s efforts to bear fruit.

“We’re open to any approach that would help our daughters,” Fischer said over lunch last November at the company’s headquarters.

“And help people with Dravet generally,” added Lammert. “We’d love to see many of these things succeed.”

Editor’s note: This article was amended on April 14, 2023, to correct Gopi Shanker’s relationship with Tevard Biosciences. Shanker is Tevard’s former chief scientific officer; he is now chief scientific officer with Beam Therapeutics.

This article originally appeared in Knowable Magazine, an independent journalistic endeavor from Annual Reviews. Sign up for the newsletter.

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Stories about a supposed first-ever lethal cannabis overdose occasionally crop up. They’re usually followed by rebuttals that no, you can’t die from weed overdose—and dying from another cause while having THC in your system is not quite the same thing.

According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), there has yet to be a drug overdose death solely attributed to cannabis. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention also states that while symptoms of too much THC might include extreme confusion, emotional distress, increased blood pressure, heart rate, severe nausea, or unintentional injury, “a fatal overdose is unlikely.”

The statistics back this up. Cannabis is the most commonly used illicit drug in the US, despite being cleared for recreational use in more than a dozen states and territories. More than half of US adults have tried it in their lifetime and nearly one in three teenagers report having used marijuana in the past year, according to 2022 NIDA statistics. In 2021, 52.5 million Americans above the age of 12 reported using marijuana in the past year—which, according to rudimentary statistics, would have resulted in dozens of fatalities if the odds of blazing yourself to death was even one-in-a-million.

“Whether you can die from an overdose of marijuana, the answer is no,” says Alex Manini, an emergency medicine clinician specialist and toxicology expert at Mount Sinai Hospital in New York. But can someone non-fatally overdose on weed?

Symptoms of weed overdose

Technically, an overdose happens any time someone takes more than the normal or recommended amount of a substance or drug. People show up in emergency rooms all the time after taking THC, Manini says, with all kinds of serious symptoms: panic or anxiety attacks, passing out, rapid heart rate, and even cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome, an increasingly common condition marked by continuous vomiting.

“You (can) think of taking a hit as a therapeutic dose, to get a feeling of euphoria, maybe the giggles,” Manini explains. Or you can smoke so much that you feel like you need to go to the hospital. “I would call that an overdose. Will you die, if you’re a young, healthy person? Probably not.”

Cannabis is still a Schedule I drug, according to the federal government, and technically still doesn’t have any currently accepted medical uses. Still, numerous states have moved to legalize marijuana for recreational or medical treatment (mostly for conditions such as cancer, HIV/AIDS, multiple sclerosis, glaucoma, seizures, epilepsy, and chronic pain). A 2016 analysis of samples from materials confiscated by the Drug Enforcement Administration over two decades also showed that the potency of THC in weed has increased at least threefold since 1995.

Altogether, this means that more people have more access to stronger cannabis. For most, that just increases your probability of getting higher than planned. But for some people, doctors say the advent of widespread, highly potent cannabis products increases their risk of an overdose.

[Related on PopSci+: The tasty chemicals flavoring the edible cannabis boom]

One group of at-risk individuals is children, who can accidentally ingest cookies, brownies, and other treats infused with super-concentrated THC doses, especially in states where recreational marijuana has been legalized. In a 2016 study in the journal of Clinical Toxicology, researchers investigated 430 calls to the National Poison Data System from 2013 to 2015 related to cannabis edibles and drinks. They not only found that the number of such calls increased year over year, but they also noted that a quarter of the cases involved children under the age of five, who, unlike adults, don’t know an ordinary looking treat might contain several doses of THC.

“That was a big finding,” says Dazhe Cao, a co-author of the study and a medical toxicology doctor at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas. For those young children, cannabis exposure typically made them sleepy or uncoordinated, or affected their breathing (leading to intubation in two cases).

“That could [be a] potentially life-threatening situation for a child,” says Manini. Kids are not little adults—their bodies process all drugs differently than any older person’s would.

Other health concerns with cannabis use

Synthetic cannabinoids—human-made chemicals sometimes called Spice or K2—have also complicated the safety of all cannabinoids. When Manini and colleagues compared the clinical effects of synthetic weed with regular cannabis in 87 emergency department patients, they found those who ingested synthetic cannabis fared far worse, according to a separate set of results published in 2016.

“They had much worse cardiovascular effects, much worse agitation,” he says. The two products are chemically different, he explains, and so their safety should be considered separately. “The safety of marijuana has been borne out over decades. This is a whole new world.”

And even if weed itself won’t directly kill you, there have been deaths associated with cannabis products, Cao says. In a 2014 case, a 19-year-old Colorado man died after he ate a cannabis cookie, began behaving erratically, and jumped off a fourth-floor balcony. His autopsy reported marijuana intoxication as a chief contributing factor.

“It is very controversial to say whether someone can die from marijuana or cannabis products,” Cao says. “They’re not always direct causes of deaths.”

Cannabis use can also increase heart rate and blood pressure, and it can be a risk factor for some people who have pre-existing heart-related conditions, whether they know it or not. In one 2014 study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association, a group of French researchers examined 35 medical cases and concluded that cannabis could be a potential trigger for cardiovascular complications in young people. And when researchers from the Einstein Medical Center in Philadelphia analyzed a national database of patients in 2018, they found the prevalence of heart failure, stroke, coronary artery disease, and sudden cardiac death were significantly higher in patients with cannabis use. After adjusting for a number of factors including age, sex, diabetes, and tobacco or alcohol use, they found cannabis use remained an independent predictor of both heart failure and stroke.

Scientific evidence also links long-term weed smoking with chronic bronchitis and respiratory symptoms like coughing and wheezing. (There is not an established association between smoking weed and the incidence of lung or head and neck cancer). The long-term health effects of vaping weed remain mostly unknown.

[Related: Psychosis is the last marijuana side effect you should be worried about]

If you have pets at home, you might also be wondering how cannabis might affect them. For obvious reasons, the rise in edibles can pose a danger for your furry friends. Cats and dogs are increasingly exposed to THC-containing products, especially chocolate-containing treats, which has led to more cases of weed poisoning among pets. Because dog brains have more cannabinoid receptors than human ones, they could be more sensitive to the drug’s psychoactive properties, one 2018 study notes. (common symptoms of poisoning for dogs include lethargy, impaired balance, vomiting, and increased sensitivity to motion and sound). As seems to be the case with humans, synthetic cannabinoids may result in more severe symptoms for pets, such as tremors, aggression, and seizures. But to be clear, the authors state that “fatality in pets from marijuana intoxication is extremely rare,” and that no deaths associated with weed had ever been reported to Pet Poison Helpline.

All of this is not to say people should be wary of cannabis, Manini says—but they shouldn’t lump it in with other commonly used substances that regularly kill people. Thousands of Americans die every year from opioid overdose and alcohol poisoning, with rising rates among teens and young adults. Across the nation, most people over the age of 12 don’t see a great risk of harm from monthly cannabis use, according to statistics from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration.

“It probably has a better safety profile than a lot of other illegal substances,” Cao says. “The perception that this is dangerous is dropping. But you can absolutely overdose.” Actually dying from that overdose, however, is far less likely—if at all possible.

This post has been updated. It was originally published on May 21, 2019.

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On July 12, 2020, the USS Bonhomme Richard caught fire. The vessel is officially described as an “amphibious assault ship,” a name that doesn’t truly capture the Bonhomme Richard’s role as troop and vehicle transport; its flat top also lets it launch helicopters, V-22 tiltrotor aircraft, and special fighter jets. It was a complex, powerful machine—one that would be considered an aircraft carrier in any other nation’s navy—which makes the fact that a single fire was able to do over $3 billion in damage to it so remarkable. 

This month, the Government Accountability Office published a study into fire safety on Navy ships, which reached a clear and blunt conclusion: The US Navy needs to do more to study, track, analyze, and prevent future fires.  

What is particularly jarring about the accident that ultimately led to the decommissioning of the Bonhomme Richard is that it happened in port, in San Diego. The amphibious assault ship was docked so that it could receive about $250 million in upgrades to better let it accommodate F-35B jet fighters. Instead of upgrading the ship to serve for decades into the future, a poorly managed accident and a days-long firefighting response removed what had been a wholly functional ship from operational use.

The July 12, 2020 fire “started in the lower vehicle storage compartment onboard the USS Bonhomme Richard,” the report notes. “The fire burned for several days, spread to 11 of 14 decks, and reached temperatures in excess of 1,400 degrees Fahrenheit.”

The Bonhomme Richard fire was initially investigated as an arson, though the primary suspect was acquitted in court. The sailor’s defense made a compelling case that abundant other hazards on the ship, from poor lithium-ion battery storage to part of a lower deck being used like a junkyard, could be responsible for the fire.

Sparked, as it were, by Congressional inquiry into the destruction of the Bonhomme Richard, the GAO report set out to “review the Navy’s response to fire incidents aboard Navy ships as they undergo maintenance or modernization and to review the effects of the fires.” This inquiry specifically looked at how the Navy has responded to lessons learned, how the Navy has collected and analyzed data about such fires, what the Navy has done to manage staffing needs for fire response when ships are docked for maintenance, and how much of the Navy’s training for crew focuses on fire-safety for when the ship is docked for maintenance.

Such maintenance work is a dull inevitability of naval operations, and has been a fact of maritime life in some form or another for centuries. Sustainment work, the practice of ensuring long-lasting vehicles are able to actually function as desired, is far removed from the glamor and excitement of overseas patrol or active operation, but the consequences of leadership failures to maintain the ship can be just as severe as if the ship had been neglected in battle.

The GAO report cites several major incidents of fire on ships undergoing maintenance, starting with the USS Miami submarine in May 2012, up to the Bonhomme Richard in July 2020. While the Miami was docked in Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine, a painter and sandblaster working on the submarine set a fire, which he later confessed to NCIS investigators was an action he took in order to get out of work. Such a small act ultimately led to the Miami’s full decommissioning, as the estimated cost to repair was over $700 million. Following the destruction of the Miami, the Navy reviewed its process for fire investigations, with the goal of preventing future such disasters.

What the GAO report finds, more than a decade after the devastation of the Miami, is that the Navy is unable to follow its own best advice for tracking and mitigating such risks. The report notes that “Navy organizations use processes that inconsistently collect, maintain, and share fire safety-related and damage control lessons and best practices to improve fire safety on ships undergoing maintenance.”

These reporting problems continue through work on ships, where workers may see evidence of past fire damage or signs of risk but do not know the most appropriate way to file and share that information. Data entry is a dull task, and one of the obstacles found by GAO is that the system used to log such risk is slow, making it less likely that fire risk is logged.

Another challenge is simply that a docked ship is crewed less than a ship deployed. At sea, the whole of a crew lives on and sustains a ship, corresponding to crisis with full strength as appropriate. In port, crew are assigned elsewhere, taking leave, deploying to other missions, or even just taking training courses on land. That means the baseline occupancy of a ship is reduced, often by 5 percent but in at least once incident cited by up to 30 percent. That makes having personnel on hand to spot and respond to fires as they happen harder.

Ensuring the ship doesn’t get burnt down while docked for repairs is an important job, and one that should be staffed adequately, even if most of the time it’s dull duty for the crew assigned to it.

Ultimately, the report notes, “If the Navy had a designated organization to use existing information to analyze and respond to Navy-wide effects of fire incidents, then the Navy could better understand the magnitude of risks associated with ship-fire incidents and their effects on Navy operations or the nation’s strategic resources.”

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Outdoor gear has historically not been very friendly to the environment that it encourages you to go and enjoy. But outdoor gear maker NEMO aims to change that and has announced its first-ever fully recyclable sleeping bag. The company wanted to get a more eco-friendly bag to consumers faster, so it opted to redesign its already popular three-season Spoon shaped bag instead of creating something entirely new. The bag also is the first in NEMO’s Endless Promise series, which Nemo says is a step toward its goal of cutting emissions intensity in half by 2030. We love to see companies making tangible moves to be more environmentally responsible and have high hopes for this bag.

NEMO Forte

NEMO

SEE IT

The redesigned Forte is now made using a single material family and is 100% recyclable. It is made up of a recycled liner, bluesign-approved shell fabric, and Zerofiber PCR insulation, which is made from 100% post-consumer recycled materials. As is typically the benefit of synthetic insulation, it maintains loft and warmth even when wet. And it packs down small to save space. 

The new Forte gets NEMO’s Classic Spoon shape, providing extra room at the shoulders and knees for side sleepers. It also features upgraded Thermo Gill vents with a multistage zipper system to expand the usable temperature range of the bag and overall improve comfort. Hot sleepers and warm-weather campers can rejoice about better temperature control. When the weather is cold, the Blanket Fold draft collar will help to keep out cold air. An integrated pillow pocket will keep your pillow in the right place while you sleep. The full-length double slider YKK zipper makes it easy to get in and out. And it can be zipped together with a sleeping bag with a zipper on the opposite side to create a double sleeping bag.

The Forte is available in men’s and women’s versions in two different lengths and either 20- or 35-degree temperature ratings. Pricing ranges from $179.95 to $239.95, depending on what length and temperature rating you go with. They are available now on NEMO’s website and will be available for purchase at retailers worldwide in June 2023. We suspect this will likely be our favorite sustainable sleeping bag, and we’re eager to test it as we refresh our coverage of camping essentials. 

Endless Promise program details

With the launch of the NEMO Forte, the company is also announcing its newest sustainability program. The Endless Promise product line aims to take “responsibility for the entire life cycle of each product.” That starts with reducing resource consumption and ends with keeping gear out of landfills. As a result, products in this series are specifically designed to be repairable, resellable, and recyclable. 

And NEMO plans to incentivize people to take part in this program. When you are done with a new Forte sleeping bag, you can send it back to NEMO for either resale or recycling. If the bag is in good enough condition to be reused, you will receive a NEMO gift card for the resale value of the bag. If the bag instead needs to be recycled, a $20 NEMO gift card will be sent as a thank you for recycling. For bags that go the recycled route, NEMO partnered up with Unifi, a textile recycler, to turn Forte bags into Repreve polyester yarns so that they can live on.

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It’s often one of the earliest science facts learned in grade school: Wood is a natural insulator. For those who need a refresher, that simply means the material generally isn’t a great conductor for electricity. But as elementary as that information may be, a team of researchers have added an asterisk to the rule of thumb: It turns out some wood, once tweaked, can conduct electricity. What’s more, they can be converted into natural transistors.

According to a paper recently published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, engineers at Sweden’s Linköping University successfully altered balsa wood by first leeching it of lignin—a natural binding substance found in wood and other plantlife. Once the lignin is removed, what remains is a network of tubing that transports water throughout the balsa known as lumina. The remaining hollowed balsa can be submerged in a liquid solution containing an electrically conductive polymer. What results is a material that can transport electrolyte-containing water through its lumina, and a new, natural transistor.

[Related: This rechargeable battery is meant to be eaten.]

Before balsa, the team attempted to engineer conductive wood with other samples, including birch and ash. These alternatives, however, didn’t not possess the same levels of structural integrity after being submerged in the polymer solution, nor did they properly absorb the polymer. The team also noted that, unlike its other test options, balsa displays a compositional ubiquity throughout the year’s seasons.

But don’t expect to see wood transistors in your next iPhone. Compared to modern silicon transistors, the team’s wood variation is much larger and slower. As New Scientist explains, a single fingernail-sized computer chip today frequently contains billions of transistors, each of which can switch on and off billions of times a second. A single balsa transistor, by comparison, is roughly three centimeters long. On top of that, it takes one second to switch off, and around five seconds to switch back on.

[Related: Watch this metallic material move like the T-1000 from ‘Terminator 2’.]

Still, wood transistors show immense promise in other areas, such as forestry and agricultural monitoring. Wood conductors are also more sustainable than existing alternatives, and could even be used to monitor flora resistance to climate change and other environmental issues. Going forward, researchers told New Scientist they hope to one day grow wood samples with conductive polymers already inside them via using different versions that enter the wood without needing to remove lignin.

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Intel and Google Cloud have just released a joint report detailing a months-long audit of a new security feature on Intel’s latest server chips: Trust Domain Extensions (TDX). The report is a result of a collaboration between security researchers from Google Cloud Security and Project Zero, and Intel engineers. It led to a number of pre-release security improvements for Intel’s new CPUs.

TDX is a feature of Intel’s 4th-generation “Sapphire Rapids” Xeon processors, though it will be available on more chips in the future. It’s designed to enable Confidential Computing on cloud infrastructure. The idea is that important computations are encrypted and performed on hardware that’s isolated from the regular computing environment. This means that the cloud service operator can’t spy on the computations being done, and makes it harder for hackers and other bad actors to intercept, modify, or otherwise interfere with the code as it runs. It basically makes it safe for companies to use cloud computing providers like Google Cloud and Amazon Web Services for processing their most important data, instead of having to operate their own secure servers.

However, for organizations to rely on features like TDX, they need some way to know that they’re genuinely secure. As we’ve seen in the past with the likes of Meltdown and Spectre, vulnerabilities at the processor level are incredibly hard to detect and mitigate for, and can allow bad actors an incredible degree of access to the system. A similar style of vulnerability in TDX, a supposedly secure processing environment, would be an absolute disaster for Intel, any cloud computing provider that used its Xeon chips, and their customers. That’s why Intel invited the Google security researchers to review TDX so closely. Google also collaborated with chipmaker AMD on a similar report last year.

According to Google Cloud’s blogpost announcing the report, “the primary goal of the security review was to provide assurances that the Intel TDX feature is secure, has no obvious defects, and works as expected so that it can be confidently used by both cloud customers and providers.” Secondarily, it was also an opportunity for Google to learn more about Intel TDX so they could better deploy it in their systems. 

While external security reviews—both solicited and unsolicited—are a common part of computer security, Google and Intel engineers collaborated much more closely for this report. They had regular meetings, used a shared issue tracker, and let the Intel engineers “provide deep technical information about the function of the Intel TDX components” and “resolve potential ambiguities in documentation and source code.”

The team looked for possible methods hackers could use to execute their own code inside the secure area, weaknesses in how data was encrypted, and issues with the debug and deployment facilities. 

In total, they uncovered 81 potential attack vectors and found ten confirmed security issues. All the problems were reported to Intel and were mitigated before these Xeon CPUs entered production. 

As well as allowing Google to perform the audit, Intel is open-sourcing the code so that other researchers can review it. According to the blogpost, this “helps Google Cloud’s customers and the industry as a whole to improve our security posture through transparency and openness of security implementations.”

All told, Google’s report concludes that the audit was a success since it met its initial goals and “was able to ensure significant security issues were resolved before the final release of Intel TDX.” While there were still some limits to the researchers access, they were still able to confirm that “the design and implementation of Intel TDX as deployed on the 4th gen Intel Xeon Scalable processors meets a high security bar.” 

The post Cloud computing has its security weaknesses. Intel’s new chips could make it safer. appeared first on Popular Science.

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FiiO makes some of our favorite digital audio players, and one of the reasons we love the company’s DAPs is the performance for the price they deliver. So when we heard there are discounts of up to 25% available through April 30—including the lowest price in months on the best bang-for-your-buck M11S—we added “Share This Sale” to our playlist and put it on repeat as we kicked out the jams and this post.

FiiO M11S, $399 (Was $499)

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The DAP days of summer are ahead of us, and you’ll be equipped with a soundtrack for every occasion if you pick up the FiiO M11S. This portable player—a personal favorite, as you can see my unit in the image above—runs on Android 10 with a global SRC bypass, allowing you to install all your favorite streaming apps (Spotify, Apple Music, TIDAL w/ 8x MQA unfolding, Amazon Music, etc.) and enjoy full lossless fidelity playback. But where it really shines is during the passionate reproduction of high-resolution files up to 384kHz/DSD256, saved in 32GB of internal storage and/or on a microSD card. The 5-inch/720p display and octa-core Snapdragon 660 architecture keep performance snappy, and the dual ES9038Q2M DAC design and 670mW balanced power output make it a potent pairing for many of our favorite (wired) headphones. Support for the aptX HD and LDAC advanced-resolution Bluetooth codecs (alongside SBC and AAC) also makes it a perfect travel partner with some of our top Bluetooth headphones—including the Bowers & Wilkins Px8 and Focal Bathys—as well as the best ANC earbuds.

Need some high-performance in-ear monitors to pair with that new player? The FiiO FH7S earphones are also 25% off, bringing their price down to $299.99, a $100 savings. Combining one DLC dynamic driver for punchy lows with four balanced armature drivers for rich mids and soaring highs, these hybrid IEMs are semi-open to present all the tonal texture of your favorite songs spread across a wide soundstage with pinpoint imaging. Yes, they’re wired, which is becoming increasingly rare in the Bluetooth and WiFi world, but that allows them to take advantage of the more expressive 4.4mm balanced output on the M11S.

Affordable audiophile gear is a unicorn, but perhaps you prefer to stream from your smartphone with as few cables as possible. Just need some budget Bluetooth headphones, earbuds for working out, or maybe a portable party speaker/power bank? Check out these additional bangers before the algorithm replaces them with completely new releases next week.

More sound, more savings, more sound savings …

• Sony WH-CH520 Bluetooth On-Ear Headphones, $48 (Was $59.99)
• Sony WH-CH720N Noise-Canceling Bluetooth Over-The-Ear Headphones, $128 (Was $149.99)
• soundcore by Anker Sport X10 True Wireless Bluetooth Sport Earbuds, $55.99 (Was $79.99)
• JBL CHARGE 5 Portable IP67 Bluetooth Speaker with USB charge out, $139.95 (Was $179.95)
• JBL Clip 4 Portable IP67 Mini Bluetooth Speaker with integrated carabiner, $59.95 (Was $79.95)
• FiiO Q3 Portable Headphone Amp-High-Resolution DAC, $123.99 (Was $149.99)
• FiiO K3 Type-C USB DAC Headphone Amp, $109.99 (Was $137.49)

The post Keep more music and cash in your pocket with Amazon audio deals appeared first on Popular Science.

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A commercial lunar rover, developed by the private Japanese company ispace in partnership with the United Arab Emirates, appears to have failed to achieve a soft lunar landing, and is presumed to have crashed on the moon’s surface. The mission’s apparent conclusion comes after four-month, 239,000 mile sojourn, and if successful, could have signaled a new era of lunar exploration.

“We have to assume that we could not complete the landing on the lunar surface,” ispace CEO Takeshi Hakamada said during the company’s livestream.

Launched aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket on December 11, ispace’s Hakuto-R lander attempted to make a soft landing (i.e. not crash) inside the Atlas Crater located on the southeastern edge of the moon’s Mare Frigoris, or the “Sea of Cold” just before 1pm EST. The ispace team failed to subsequently establish communication with the lander, and as of writing, remains unable to do so.

“Recognizing the possibility of an anomaly during the mission, the results will be weighed and evaluated against the criteria and incorporated into future missions already in development between now and 2025,” the company said in an announcement shortly following its December 11 launch aboard the SpaceX Falcon 9.

Had it been a success, the UAE’s 22-pound Rashid rover would have deployed for a 14-day lunar daytime survey of the area. According to the European Space Agency—which aided in designing the rover’s wheels, and will provide lander communications for ispace—the rover would have documented its trip via two high resolution cameras alongside both a microscopic and thermal imaging camera. Rashid also boasted a “Langmuir probe” intended to “sample the plasma environment prevailing just above the lunar surface,” per the ESA.

[Related: ispace’s private lander might be the first to touch down on the moon.]

As CNN notes, only the US, China, and the former Soviet Union have ever successfully pulled off a controlled moon landing. America still remains the only nation to place humans on the moon’s surface. In 2019, the Israeli private space company SpaceIL attempted what would have been the first commercial moon soft landing with its Beresheet robotic lander. Beresheet’s engine failed during its descent approximately four miles above the lunar surface.

The hoped-for success of ispace’s Hakuto-R could have presented literal and figurative uncharted territory for both Earthbound nations and their moon. Alongside NASA astronauts’ impending return via the Artemis program ahead of hopes for a permanent lunar base, many space law experts are rushing to establish a new set of regulations to protect the lunar environment, as well as historic spaces like the Apollo 11 landing site.

The post Japan’s ispace lunar lander appears to have crashed into the moon appeared first on Popular Science.

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Thanks to the latest advances in battery technology whole-home solar backup systems like the Bluetti EP900 are becoming smaller, safer, and more powerful. Available in a range of storage capacities from 9,920 Wh up to an impressive 39.6 kWh, the Bluetti EP900 is a flexible, modular battery system for home and business designed with safety and convenience in mind, making it an intriguing new option for achieving power independence whether you’re looking for a simple solar power storage solution or an emergency power backup.

Founded in 2019, Bluetti is a relative newcomer to the battery backup market, but we’re already fans of their products—the Bluetti AC200 Max is one of the best solar generators we’ve tested this year. The EP900 is the latest addition to the company’s compact series of solar generators and battery backups that includes the EP500 Power Station, and it’s due for introduction in the U.S. in late May 2023. Here’s a closer look at what sets the Bluetti EP900 apart from other home battery backup systems and the technology that makes it all possible.

A safer battery

The Bluetti EP900 is built around lithium-ion phosphate battery technology, a relatively new and more stable alternative to traditional cobalt-based lithium-ion batteries. Unlike their traditional counterparts, LiFePO₄ batteries are incredibly resistant to overheating, with a high thermal runaway threshold of 500 degrees Fahrenheit and producing only about 6% of the heat produced by cobalt-based designs when overcharged. The inherent heat resistance of this design makes the EP900 an incredibly appealing and safe option for installing at home. The EP900’s voltage, current, and other operating conditions are also constantly monitored by an internal battery management system, adding a further layer of safety and ensuring that the unit operates as intended.

Power backup on your terms

The Bluetti EP900 comprises a system of stackable inverter and battery modules, each measuring 25 inches wide, 12.7 inches deep, and 14.4 inches high. This modular design gives the unit a super-compact footprint and allows it to stack in small spaces and stand freely without applying extra pressure to your walls. Each module is also constructed within a rugged aluminum IP65-rated chassis that’s completely impervious to dust and water, so the EP900 can be installed indoors or outdoors as long as the environment stays between -4 and 122 degrees Fahrenheit.

The EP900 outputs a maximum of 9 kW at 120 and 240 volts, and is ready to use with any existing solar panels. At its base configuration, the system consists of one EP900 inverter and two B500 batteries for a total capacity of 9,920 Wh, which is enough power to keep the average U.S. household up and running for roughly 8 hours. Each inverter can also be paired with two to four batteries, and up to two inverters can be connected in parallel, giving the EP900 a maximum potential charge of 39.6 kWh spread across eight batteries. This flexibility makes the Bluetti EP900 an appealing introduction to solar power storage and home battery backups with the potential for expanding your setup down the line.

When installation time comes, Bluetti offers a few perks to sweeten the deal including an onsite installation service and a 10-year warranty. Once the EP900 is up and running, users can download the Bluetti companion app to manage their power storage and schedule load shifting to use their EP900 systems to charge during off-peak hours and switch on when grid electricity is more expensive. The app provides access to data including solar power data, battery health, energy consumption, and other convenient metrics as well.

Is the Bluetti EP900 right for you?

It’s never a bad time to start thinking about high-capacity power storage, whether you’re looking to mitigate power outages, save money, or live entirely off-grid. The Bluetti EP900 features some of the newest and safest battery technology available combined with high-capacity storage and an incredibly user-friendly design, allowing it to go toe-to-toe with comparable systems like the nickel-manganese-cobalt Tesla Powerwall (which, it’s reported, may soon switch to a similar LiFePO₄ design). We don’t yet have any cost information for the Bluetti EP900, but the company’s comparable EP600 system has already seen some success in Europe, so we’ll be keeping an eye out for its appearance here in the U.S. this spring.

Sponsored by Bluetti.

The post Bluetti’s new EP900 home backup system offers huge capacity in a tiny footprint appeared first on Popular Science.

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Archaeologists in western Scotland have found the foundations of a Roman fortlet dating back to the Second Century CE. According to the government-run historic preservation commission Historic Environment Scotland, this fort was one of 41 defensive structures that was built near the Antonine Wall, one of Scotland’s six UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

[Related from PopSci+: How Scotland forged a rare alliance between amateur treasure hunters and archaeologists.]

This fortified wall made of mostly wood ran for roughly 40 miles across Scotland as part of the Roman Empire’s unsuccessful attempt to extend its control throughout Britain from roughly 410 to 43 CE. The Antonine Wall was defended as the northernmost frontier of the Roman Empire. Emperor Antoninus Pius ordered the building of the wall in 142 CE as a one-up to his predecessor Hadrian. The famed Hadrian’s Wall was built in the 120s CE about 100 miles south of the Antonine Wall.

The Romans called the people living in Scotland “Caledonians”, and later named them  the Picts after a Latin word meaning “painted people,” in reference to their body paintings or tattoos. The Romans retreated to the Hadrian Wall in 162 CE after 20 years of trying to hold a new northern line at the Antonine Wall.

In 1707, antiquarian Robbert Sibbald said he saw the fortlet in the area around Carleith Farm in West Dunbartonshire. During the 1970s and 1980s, excavation teams looked for it but were unsuccessful.

New technology allowed Historic Environment Scotland’s archaeological survey team to find the buried remains. The team used a geophysical surveying technique called gradiometry to peer under the soil without excavating. Gradiometry measures small changes in Earth’s magnetic field to detect buried archaeological features that can’t be seen from the surface. It identified the base of the fortlet, which remains buried under the ground. Turf would have been laid on top of this base. The team found the fortlet in a field near Carleith Primary School.

The fortlet would have been occupied by 10 to 12 Roman soldiers who were likely stationed at Duntocher, a larger fort nearby. The fortlet would have been made up of two small wooden buildings.

[Related: Slàinte mhath! The oldest piece of Scottish tartan fabric has been identified.]

“It is great to see how our knowledge of history is growing as new methods give us fresh insights in the past,” Riona McMorrow, deputy head of world heritage at Historic Environment Scotland, said in a statement. “Archaeology is often partly detective work, and the discovery at Carleith is a nice example of how an observation made 300 years ago and new technology can come together to add to our understanding.”

While up to 41 fortlets may have once lined the Wall, only nine have been found thus far. This new discovery marks the 10th known forlet, and Historic Environment Scotland is currently reviewing the site’s designation to ensure that it is protected and recognized as part of the Antonine Wall. 

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Even the tallest trees, biggest blue whales, and even giant gleaming stars were once babies. Protostars are the hot core of energy that will one day become stars and galaxies. The formative years of our universe’s history, when billions of stars and galaxies formed and assembled after the Big Bang, have so far been beyond our understanding.

[Related: These 6 galaxies are so huge, they’ve been nicknamed ‘universe breakers’]

Now, NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) confirmed the distance of a protocluster of seven galaxies that formed only 650 million years after the Big Bang, or what astronomers call redshift 7.9. The findings were published April 24 in the Astrophysical Journal Letters and are the “earliest galaxies yet to be spectroscopically confirmed as part of a developing cluster.”

Based on the data collected, a team of astronomers calculated the nascent cluster’s future development. It will likely grow in size and mass to resemble the Coma Cluster, one of the densest galaxies of the modern universe. 

“This is a very special, unique site of accelerated galaxy evolution, and Webb gave us the unprecedented ability to measure the velocities of these seven galaxies and confidently confirm that they are bound together in a protocluster,” co-author and IPAC-California Institute of Technology astronomer Takahiro Morishita said in a statement.

JWST’s Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) captured the key measurements to confirm both the galaxies’ collective distance and the high velocities at which they are moving within a halo of dark matter. They’re moving through space at more than two million miles per hour, or over 600 miles per second. 

Having this spectral data in hand allowed the astronomers to model and map the future development of the gathering group all the way up to the modern universe. If it does follow the prediction and eventually resemble the Coma Cluster, it could eventually be among the densest known galaxy collections.

“We can see these distant galaxies like small drops of water in different rivers, and we can see that eventually they will all become part of one big, mighty river,” co-author and National Institute of Astrophysics in Italy astronomer Benedetta Vulcani said in a statement.

According to NASA, galaxy clusters are the greatest concentrations of mass in the known universe. They can dramatically warp the fabric of spacetime itself. This warping is called gravitational lensing and can have a magnifying effect for the objects located beyond the cluster. This allows astronomers to see through the cluster as if it were a giant cosmic magnifying glass.  The team in this study was able to utilize this enlarging effect and look through Pandora’s Cluster to view the protocluster.

[Related: JWST’s latest new galaxy discoveries mirror the Milky Way.]

Exploring how big clusters like Pandora and Coma first came together has historically been difficult because the expansion of the universe stretches light beyond visible wavelengths into the infrared. JWST’s sophisticated infrared instruments were developed to fill in these gaps at the beginning of the universe’s story. 

The team anticipates that future collaboration between JWST and a high-resolution, wide-field survey mission from NASA’s Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will allow for even  more results on early galaxy clusters. Roman will be able to identify more protocluster galaxy candidates, while JWST can follow up to confirm these findings with its spectroscopic instruments. Currently, the Roman mission is targeted to launch by May 2027.

“It is amazing the science we can now dream of doing, now that we have Webb,” co-author and University of California, Los Angeles astronomer Tommaso Treu said in a statement. “With this small protocluster of seven galaxies, at this great distance, we had a one hundred percent spectroscopic confirmation rate, demonstrating the future potential for mapping dark matter and filling in the timeline of the universe’s early development.”

The post JWST captures an unprecedented ‘prequel’ to a galaxy appeared first on Popular Science.

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If you’ve spent time on TikTok lately, you’ve probably seen influencers using the Ninja CREAMi 7-in-1 ice cream maker. It’s a seemingly magical machine that turns a frozen protein shake, fruit, milk (or nut/oat “milk”), and anything else you can cram into a pint-sized container into perfectly smooth ice cream. It’s one of the few viral kitchen gadgets that truly delivers on its lofty promise, and Amazon has it for $159 right now, a huge discount from its typical $229 price.

Ninja CREAMi, $159 (Was $239)

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If you’ve ever used an at-home ice cream machine, you know how frustrating the process can be. You typically need salt and tons of time for it to churn. Then it freezes too hard, and you don’t want to eat it, so the whole process was a waste. The CREAMi is different. You freeze your sweet concoction in the included pint-sized container for 24 hours. Then, you lock the container into the machine, and a precisely shaped spinning blade mashes its way through the solid block, turning it into a smooth ice cream, smoothie bowl, or sorbet.

It can take a little tweaking to get your recipe and your process just right, but I’m absolutely infatuated with it at the moment. I typically add a single Fair Life protein shake and a few tablespoons of dry peanut butter, or some regular Fair Life milk and some Oreo-flavored Ghost protein. The whole process takes roughly two minutes and, while it’s absurdly loud, it truly delivers on its promise. If you regularly eat Halo Top or other lower-calorie ice creams at $6 a pop, this thing is a total game changer.

More kitchen deals from Amazon

Maybe you don’t need an ice cream maker, or you’re already part of the CREAMi Crew (an online group I just made up for people who like to eat mashed-up frozen protein shakes). That’s cool. Amazon has several other kitchen deals ready to clutter up your countertop in the best way possible:

• NutriBullet ZNBF30500Z Blender Combo 1200 Watt $103 (Was $149)
• Vitamix E310 Explorian Blender, Professional-Grade, 48 oz. Container, Slate $289 (Was $349)
• Vitamix 5200 Blender Professional-Grade, Self-Cleaning 64 oz Container $379 (Was $549)
• De’Longhi EC885M Dedica Arte Espresso Machine,35 Fluid Ounces $249 (Was $399)
• De’Longhi La Specialista Arte EC9155MB, Espresso Machine with Grinder $494 (Was $699)
• De’Longhi Magnifica Evo, Fully Automatic Machine Bean to Cup Espresso Cappuccino and Iced Coffee Maker $599 (Was $758)
• De’Longhi EC9355M La Specialista Prestigio Espresso Machine $699 (Was $899)
• Get up to 50 percent off kitchen tools and utensils from KitchenAid

The post Save $70 on the Ninja CREAMi at Amazon and become an ice cream influencer appeared first on Popular Science.

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Best overall		Whistle Go Explore Ultimate Health and Location Tracker for Pets		SEE IT	Set up safe areas and alerts for when your pet decides to go on an adventure—rest easy with this location-tracking pick.
Best locator-tracking device		Tractive LTE GPS Tracker		SEE IT	This pick offers real-time tracking updates so you can know where your pet is within the second, no search team needed.
Best budget		FitBark Dog Activity Monitor		SEE IT	Get all the high-features of other picks at an affordable cost. You can set up safe zones, find your pet, and see their activity levels.

Most pet owners can agree that safety and health are the number-one priorities when it comes to their furry friends. And if you’re a pet owner, you know that sometimes, despite your best efforts, your curious cat or adventurous dog might just follow their noses outside of your home or yard. Or if you like to go hiking with your dog off-leash, there’s a chance he or she may get ahead of you. To avoid a potentially scary situation or just to have some peace of mind, it’s not a bad idea to get your pet a GPS-tracking device. Easily attached to a collar, the best pet GPS trackers provide real-time location tracking and you can set up alerts when your pet has left designated safe areas so you can easily locate your pup or kitty. We’ve rounded up the best pet GPS tracking devices so you can rest easy knowing your pet’s location is just a click away.

• Best overall: Whistle Go Explore Ultimate Health and Location Tracker for Pets
• Best locator-tracking device: Tractive LTE GPS Tracker
• Best mini GPS tracker: Jiobit GPS Dog and Cat Location Monitor
• Best budget: FitBark Dog Activity Monitor
• Best with app: Wagz Freedom Smart Dog Collar
• Best collar: Garmin TT 15 Dog GPS Collar Tracker

The best pet GPS trackers: Reviews & Recommendations

The best pet GPS tracker is a great pet accessory to invest in, especially if your pet has a habit of exploring new areas. The ability to see where your dog or cat is through an app is incredibly reassuring. Additionally, monitoring and regulating your pet’s activity and behavior helps to promote a healthy lifestyle. Once you’ve narrowed down what features your pet and yourself need most with a tracking device, you’ll have a much easier time narrowing down the options.

Best overall: Whistle Go Explore Ultimate Health and  Location Tracker for Pets

Whistle

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Available in three colors to best suit your pet’s coloring, the Whistle Go Explore Tracker provides real-time location tracking. If you have a particularly sneaky pet, you can set up alerts to quickly locate him or her when they decide to go on a little adventure. Plus you can designate safe areas and set up alerts for when your pet leaves those spots. You can also monitor your pet’s activity levels, calories, and distance, and keep an eye on behavior like scratching or licking that could be potential health problems. With a 20-day battery and an adjustable built-in nightlight, you can rest a little easier knowing this pet GPS tracker features added safety measures. Something to note: a Whistle subscription is required for $8.25/month with your first 30 days free and this device uses WiFi connection and the AT&T nationwide network and Google Maps. 

Best locator-tracking device: Tractive LTE GPS Tracker

Tractive

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The Tractive LTE GPS Tracker provides not only real-time tracking but also location history so you can see exactly where your pet has been and where they might be going. By going into LIVE mode, you can get updates every two to three seconds. Plus, by marking “safe places” like your backyard, you can know when your pet has left the premises and when they return. With unlimited range, you can track your pet wherever you are, no matter the distance by connecting with AT&T, Verizon, T-Mobile, and Viaero Wireless USA (will connect directly to cell networks regardless of which wireless provider you have). Additionally, this small, lightweight, and waterproof device tracks your pet’s activity, rest, and calories. A subscription plan is needed—monthly and one-to-five-year plans available starting at $4.99/month—and provides unlimited location tracking. All features can be managed through the free Tractive GPS app for iOS, Android, and in any browser.

Best mini GPS tracker: Jiobit GPS Dog and Cat Location Monitor

Jiobit

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The Jiobit GPS Dog and Cat Location Monitor might be tiny in size but has big features like next-gen low-power 5G-compatible network and beaconing technology that combines the use of your cellular, GPS, WiFi, and Bluetooth connectivity to track your pet’s location both indoors and out. Easily attached to your dog or cat’s collar, this device is durable, has a long-lasting battery life (up to 20 days), and is waterproof so no matter what your pet gets into — think muddy puddles and bushes — you’ll be able to track him or her. A subscription plan is necessary and can be selected through the Jiobit app, available for Android and iOS. Through the app, you can create custom geofences to see if or when your pet leaves the area.

Best budget: FitBark GPS Dog Tracker

FitBark

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Fits most collars up to one and a half inches wide, the FitBark GPS Dog Tracker is slip-on, lightweight, durable and waterproof. This device requires WiFi, Verizon LTE-M, and in-app subscription from $5.95/month. Through the app, get alerts when your dog escapes designated safe areas and locate him or her in minutes with the embedded Verizon 4G LTE-M cell service. Additionally, it monitors your pet’s activity, sleep quality, calorie intake, and behavior. You can also link your FitBit, Apple Watch, or Google Fit Device to get active with your pup! If you have more than one pet, you can add multiple profiles in the app (iOs 12+ or Android 6+ required). The battery lasts 10 to 20 days depending on WiFi connection, Bluetooth, and Verizon availability. At just $99.99, this is the best pet GPS tracker on a budget and compares nicely with its more expensive competitors. 

Best with app: Wagz Freedom Smart Dog Collar

Wagz

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This shock-free collar allows you to stay connected to your furry friend with GPS and cellular coverage. The shock-free geofence containment system keeps your dog safe by creating and customizing “off-limit” keep out zones. Additionally, you can use vibration, audible cues, and ultrasonic sounds to correct your dog’s behavior. The connected app—which requires a 99.99 annual subscription—also monitors your dog’s step count, sleep time, and more. If you’re looking to get insight on your dog’s behavior and movement using data, WAGZ is the system for you.

Best collar: Garmin TT 15 Dog GPS Collar Tracker

Garmin

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The Garmin TT 15 Dog GPS Collar Tracker varies from other pet GPS trackers in that it doesn’t require a subscription or app to use. The collar, used for only location and tracking, is paired with a compatible handheld device (Astro 320, Astro 430, and Alpha 100—sold separately). Visible from 100 yards away, the LED Beacon lights are activated by the handheld device and are great for low-light scenarios as well as night time. The GPS collar is durable and water-resistant up to 32 feet. Plus your pet can be located up to nine miles away. With the option of two lengths of antenna—18.5 inch or 22.5 inch—you can choose if you want standard or extended rand for increased quality communication. If you have multiple pets, you can sync all of their Garmin collars to the compatible handheld device. The lithium-ion batteries are rechargeable and included with your purchase. 

What to look for when shopping for the best pet GPS trackers

The best pet GPS trackers provide peace of mind for owners and added safety measures for pets. When shopping around for the best one for you, there are a few key factors to take into consideration. Everything from how the tracker is affixed to the collar or if it’s a collar and tracker combined to subscription rates, how the tracker stays connected to the range of distance are important things to think about. Understanding your pet and his or her habits will help determine which tracker will best suit both of your needs.

How do you want to attach the GPS tracker? 

There are a few options when it comes to attaching the GPS tracker to your pet’s collar. Most will either slide or clip on but some are sold as a collar and tracker in one. Consider the size of your pet as you don’t want any discomfort with a heavy tracker although most are quite small and lightweight. Additionally, you don’t want the material to rub your pet’s skin either.

Are you on a budget?

While pet GPS trackers can be quite costly, there are plenty of options that are more budget-friendly. While they may not be as technologically advanced as some of their more expensive counterparts, they offer many of the great features you’d want in a GPS locator.

Do you want to monitor health and behavior as well?

Tracking the location of your pet is important, but wouldn’t it be nice to monitor his or her activity as well? Some GPS trackers offer both. With these devices, you can keep tabs on your pet’s activity levels, calories, distance traveled, and even behaviors such as excessive licking or scratching. You can then use this information along with your pet’s breed and age to discuss your pet’s health with your vet.

Do you want to sync the tracker to your phone? 

With pet GPS trackers, you have two options. The first option is you can pay a monthly or yearly fee for a subscription to use the navigation services. It’s important to confirm the tracker is compatible with your cellular service. Something to note: most need WiFi and Bluetooth connectivity to work. The GPS tracker syncs to an app (usually free!) on your phone where you can see your pet’s whereabouts, set safe designated locations, and set alerts. The second option is you can purchase a handheld device that is compatible with your tracker. This way you’re not paying for a subscription and don’t need WiFi to use. 

How many pets do you have? 

If you have multiple pets, you want to ensure the brand’s app can connect with multiple GPS trackers so you can keep an eye on all of them.  

FAQs

The final word on the best pet GPS trackers

Selecting the best pet GPS tracking device has a lot to do with your a) your pet and b) your location. Taking both into consideration will offer you a clear sense of where you need to begin with your search. If your pet likes to wander off or if you live in a place with lots of land, you’ll want a GPS pet tracker that works well no matter the distance. Plus a long-lasting battery is paramount. On the other hand, you might want a GPS locator that works as a pet monitor as well. No matter which features are most important to you (and you have lots of choices!), a GPS tracking device will keep your furry friend safe and will provide you with peace of mind. 

The post The best pet GPS trackers of 2023 appeared first on Popular Science.

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Is shyness something you feel, or is it something that defines you? Child psychologists are still not fully convinced one way or the other. A small study published April 25 in the journal Society for Research in Child Development found that timidness, fear and nervousness in social situations or being at the center of attention, is a fairly typical childhood experience, whether it is an emotion or personality. 

[Related from PopSci+: Can dogs be introverts?]

Some long standing theories about shyness believe that there are two types of coy behavior. “Temperamental” shyness remains roughly the same throughout development, whereas “state” shyness is felt during a social situation and manifests more like an emotion. 

In this new study, researchers examined the behavioral, affective, and physiological responses to a speech task in 152 Canadian children (73 girls and 79 boys) ages seven and eight. The children were told that they would be giving a speech that would be filmed and shown to other children. Their parents completed online questionnaires about their child’s temperament, while the children were given an echocardiogram to check for physiological indications of nervous behavior.

The children prepared a two-minute speech about their last birthday and recited the speech in front of a video camera and a mirror. The researchers monitored the children for behaviors coded as avoidance or inhibition, self-reported nervousness, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia.

The team found that temperamental shyness may exist in a distinct group of children over time, and a larger group of children may experience shyness as an emotion during certain situations. 

About 10 percent of the children had a high level of stress giving the speech in addition to relatively high levels of shyness over time, according to the questionnaires filled out by their parents. According to the team, this provides evidence that shyness may be part of these children’s temperament. Being the center of attention may be stressful across time and in various contexts in this group. Future research could examine the consequences on how this shyness affects academic, social, and psychological well-being since shyness could be measured across time. 

Roughly 25 percent of study participants were not reported to be shy, but demonstrated a higher level of stress from giving the speech. The authors believe that it is likely that state shyness in response to a speech task is a relatively common, normative experience for children at this age.

[Related: Little kids drew their grim—and hopeful—reality of COVID.]

“Our findings provide empirical support for the long-theorized idea that there may be a subset of temperamentally shy children who manifest heightened behavioral, affective, and physiological reactivity in response to a social stressor, as well as a subset of children who may experience only the affective component which may reflect state shyness,” co-author and Brock University post-doctoral fellow and psychologist Kristie Poole said in a statement. “This highlights the multiple components and developmental course of temperamental shyness and the features that distinguish temperamental and state shyness in middle to late childhood.”

This study provides some empirical evidence for long-standing ideas about shyness that were first made by the late psychologist Jerome Kagan. In the 1990s, Kagan argued that temperamental shyness may exist as a distinct category for some children and the features that define this category are relatively stable across time and context.

The authors also noted some limitations to the research, namely that the study only measured these behavioral, affective, and physiological components at one point in time and the sample size was relatively small. Future research should also include a more racially, ethnically, and socioeconomically diverse pool and focus.

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FROM ANCIENT treadwheel cranes to modern guitar effects pedals, the creative energy of our feet has come a long way. Roman aqueducts, medieval castles, and Gothic cathedrals were raised, mega-stone by mega-stone, by machines powered by human-size hamster wheels. Treadles, or foot levers, made their debut in the Middle Ages to power looms and spinning wheels. The stair climber got its start in 1818 as a prison treadmill—not to intentionally torment England’s inmates (as sometimes alleged), but to put their feet to work, turning gears to pump water and grind corn. In the late 19th century, pedal power took a fresh turn as artisans used the wheels of stationary bikes to spin up their wood lathes, bandsaws, drill presses, and knife grinders. By the early 20th century, even percussionists were getting in on foot action, adding pedals to drum sets and possibly taking pedal-effects cues from the centuries-old piano.

By 1967, when Popular Science electronics editor Ronald M. Benrey offered instructions for building a footswitch to control handheld electric tools, pedal power looked altogether different. When electricity and combustion engines had rolled out half a century earlier, our feet could suddenly spin up powerful cranes or propel cars at dizzying speeds with little more than a tap. No more sweating, huffing, and puffing. But even in 1967, using footswitches in home workshops was something of a novelty, especially the speed-control variety. Of course, some stationary home tools, like sewing machines, had standardized footswitches decades earlier.

In fact, Benrey wasn’t the first Popular Science editor to offer pedal-power DIY instructions. In December 1943, longtime contributor Walter E. Burton explained how to motorize a treadle sewing machine. His instructions include an electric motor controlled by a mechanical footswitch that worked like a clutch, engaging and disengaging the motor from the sewing machine’s flywheel. Burton’s design might have been inspired by a Popular Science contributor who, nearly a decade earlier (October 1935), had shared how he’d used a fan motor to automate his sewing machine, connecting it to the treadle. Perhaps the most innovative use of pedal power comes from a December 1880 Popular Science story that describes the use of wind- and water-powered motors (electricity was not readily available then) controlled by foot pedals to drive a variety of home workshop tools, including sewing machines. (Alternative energy DIYers might be inspired by 1880 domestic motor designs.)

What makes Benrey’s 1967 foot pedal unique is its speed-control feature. In addition to a simple on-off switch (referred to as “full” power), Benrey describes how to add a variable setting. When the switch is flipped to “variable,” the speed of the tool, such as the electric drill featured in the story, can be controlled with your foot. The catch is that in variable mode, the foot pedal delivers only about three-quarters of the electric current required to run the tool at full speed—a limitation of the added electronics. For full power, Benrey’s added switch must be flipped from variable to full. 

Today, footswitches, including the variable-speed variety, like Benrey’s, can be purchased, ready to use, for under $20. Of course, DIY enthusiasts can build one using any number of instructional videos. And throwback DIYers nostalgic for 1960s-style ingenuity could even build Benrey’s model. When looking for a silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR), which varies the tool’s speed by translating foot pressure to a corresponding amount of electric current, today there are a variety of thyristors that will do the trick. Plus, being handy with a soldering iron and comfortable with wiring diagrams is really a prerequisite. Whether you choose to build your own switch or not, if you’re the creative type who regularly works with power tools, you might want to add pedal power to your arsenal—you’ll probably wonder why it took you so long to unleash the power in your feet. 

Read more PopSci+ stories.

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While many cloud-based storage bundles can cost you an arm and a leg, Prism Drive Secure Cloud Storage offers an affordable plan offering 10TB of storage with a robust backup solution. It’s now on sale for only $89.99.

Priding itself in working at high-velocity speeds, Prism Drive provides lifetime access for freeing space from your iPhone, tablet, or laptop and keeping your files all in one place. With a generous 10TB of cloud storage, unlimited shared traffic, and zero-knowledge encryption, you can upload various file types such as MP4s, JPEGs, PPT files, and more from any device.

Now, lifetime access to 10TB of Prism Drive cloud storage is on sale for just $89.99 (reg. $2,490), the best price you’ll find on the web.

The platform’s crucial security system aligns with privacy laws, providing the utmost reassurance regarding safety, scalability, and integration. Prism Drive’s strict adherence ensures that all your files are encrypted in storage, transit, and use. Moreover, everything is stored in a secure location for added convenience and peace of mind.

An intuitive drag-and-drop interface makes it easy to manage, sort, locate, and preview files from any web browser, iOS device, or Android device without hassle. High-speed transfers and secure backup space give you plenty of leeway to easily manage and share files with team members, friends, or family. A 30-day trash history recovery feature also helps you feel at ease in case you accidentally delete documents you decide to keep after all. 

Boasting a 4.5 out of 5-star rating, Prism Drive is quickly gaining traction as a reliable storage solution. One verified buyer raved that Prism Drive is a “Really good product. Much better than Dropbox or any other storage app that I have used for the past few years.”

Stop worrying about running out of storage on your devices and losing your documents and assets. Store all your content, whether those are important files, precious photos, or videos, in one reliable space with this affordable solution.

Grab a lifetime subscription to Prism Drive Secure Cloud Storage now for just $89.99 (reg. $2,490). You won’t find a better price than this anywhere else online. 

Prices subject to change.

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Disk space is always at a premium, so you should take every opportunity to free up as much of it as you can. One of the best ways to do this is to back up a bunch of files to the cloud, then remove them from your computer entirely.

Stashing your data in the cloud will allow you to access your files while still having hard drive space on your computer. The process is relatively easy, but don’t let this be your only form of backup: keep your files on another cloud service or an external hard drive (or two) in case something catastrophic happens.

Cloud storage and syncing apps can help you manually choose which files live locally on your computer, but they can also do the job automatically. In some cases, you can keep a folder online-only, but still have placeholders for its contents on your hard drive. As soon as you try to access them, they’ll download from the cloud and open as normal.

All these services also have web interfaces, which allow you to log in and view your files on any computer with a web browser and an internet connection. In some cases, web access might be all you need.

When deciding what kind of files to store where, think of the cloud as your basement—a place where you store things you don’t want to throw away, but wouldn’t keep in the middle of your living room. As such, it’s best to make older files and folders online-only—those you want to keep backed up but don’t need to access regularly, such as vacation photos and videos. You should locally store any files you constantly need access to, especially if you can’t rely on internet connectivity.

To make some files online-only, right-click on the OneDrive icon (a cloud) in the Windows taskbar notification area, then choose Help & Settings and open up the Settings tab. Go to Sync and backup, then open the Advanced settings. Finally, locate Files On-Demand and select Download files as you use them.

You’ll find there are three types of files in OneDrive. First, there are online-only documents, which you’ll recognize by the blue cloud badge that sits on top of the file icon in File Explorer. These live in the cloud, but open normally as long as you have an internet connection. The second type are locally available files, which have a green check mark on them and live both on your device and in the cloud. Finally, there are locally stored files. These are marked by a white check mark in a green circle and they stay on your computer no matter what.

The last two types are practically the same, and you’ll be able to open and edit them normally, even if you’re offline. The only difference is that locally available files will automatically become online-only after a set period of time if you enable a Windows 10 and 11 feature called Storage sense, which uploads files to the cloud when you’re running out of space on your computer.

OneDrive will handle some of this automatically (by downloading files when you open them, for example), but you can also manually set up what the platform does with specific files and folders by right-clicking on them in File Explorer.

How to save space with iCloud

Apple has two different storage systems: iCloud and iCloud Drive. The first one syncs information on your Mac devices, including music and videos purchased through the iTunes Store, plus contacts, calendars, and pictures. The second, iCloud Drive, is Apple’s version of OneDrive or Dropbox. You can install it on Apple and non-Apple tech, use it to store any file or folder, sync that data across devices, and share your files with anyone.

To see how much of your iCloud storage you’re using on your Mac, open the Apple menu, choose About This Mac, click More info, and scroll down to click Storage Settings. Under Recommendations, you’ll see a Store in iCloud button. Click it, and you’ll have the option to save all the files and documents from your Desktop and Documents folders in the cloud so you can access them from any Apple device where you’re signed in with your Apple ID. You can also move all your messages to the cloud rather than storing them locally.

Under Optimize Storage, click Optimize to remove any local iTunes movies and TV shows you’ve got on your Mac that are marked as watched—you can always download them again if you need to. 

Finally, open System Settings, go to the Apple ID tab, and choose iCloud. If you toggle the switch next to Optimize Mac Storage, macOS will start to clear your hard drive of older files you haven’t opened in a while, whenever you start to run out of space. These files won’t disappear from iCloud and you can always redownload them.

This feature will let you uncheck some or all of the folders in your Dropbox to prevent the platform from downloading and syncing them to your computer. If you uncheck a folder, it will disappear from that device, but will remain in the cloud and on any other computers you’re using Dropbox with. You can follow the same path and undo this preference if you want to restore access and syncing capabilities to certain folders. 

To make a file or folder online-only, go to your Dropbox folder, right-click on the file or folder you want to only store in the cloud and choose Make online-only. You can also make all new files online-only by default: go to Dropbox Preferences, click Sync, open the dropdown menu next to New files default, and select Online-only.

How to save space on your device with Google Drive

On Google Drive, you pick which folders live both on your computer and in the cloud, and which you just want in the cloud. If you use Google Drive on more than one computer, you can keep different folders on different devices. All users, whether they pay for the service or not, have access to the Google Drive for Desktop app, which is the easiest way to manage your files if you’re using this service.

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In 1989, Chuck Berry and Carl Sagan partied it up at one of the biggest bashes of the summer—a celebration honoring the two Voyager spacecrafts, who were about to make a dramatic exit from our solar system. 

The twin probes, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2, launched back in 1977, with only a five-year mission to take a gander at Jupiter and Saturn’s rings and moons, hauling the Golden Record containing messages and cultural snapshots from Earth (including Chuck Berry’s music). 

Obviously, the Voyager spacecrafts have persisted a lot longer than five years: 46 years, to be exact. They’re still careening through space at a distance between 12 and 14 billion miles from Earth. So how have they lasted four decades longer than expected? Much of it has to do with a bit of vintage hardware and a handful of software updates. You can find out more (and when the crafts’ expected death dates) by subscribing to PopSci+ and reading the full story by Tatyana Woodall, and by listening to our new episode of Ask Us Anything. 

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Humans have used radio waves to communicate across Earth for more than 100 years. Those waves also leak out into space, a fingerprint of our presence propagating through the cosmos. In more recent years, humans have also sent out a stronger signal beyond our planet: communications with our most distant probes, like the famous Voyager spacecraft.

Scientists recently traced the paths of these powerful radio transmissions from Earth to multiple far-away spacecraft and determined which stars—along with any planets with possible alien life around them—are best positioned to intercept those messages. 

The research team created a list of stars that will encounter Earth’s signals within the next century and found that alien civilizations (if they’re out there) could send a return message as soon as 2029. Their results were published on March 20 in the journal Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific.

“This is a famous idea from Carl Sagan, who used it as a plot theme in the movie Contact,” explains Howard Isaacson, a University of California, Berkeley astronomer and co-author of the new work. 

[Related: UFO research is stigmatized. NASA wants to change that.]

However, it’s worth taking any study involving extraterrestrial life with a grain of salt. Kaitlin Rasmussen, an astrobiologist at the University of Washington not affiliated with the paper, calls this study “an interesting exercise, but unlikely to yield results.” The results, in this case, would be aliens contacting Earth within a certain timeframe.

As radio signals travel through space, they spread out and become weaker and harder to detect. Aliens parked around a nearby star probably won’t notice the faint leakage from TVs and other small devices. However, the commands we send to trailblazing probes at the edge of the solar system—Voyager 1, Voyager 2, Pioneer 10, Pioneer 11, and New Horizons—require a much more focused and powerful broadcast from NASA’s Deep Space Network (DSN), a global array of radio dishes designed for space communications.

The DSN signals don’t magically stop at the spacecraft they’re targeting: They continue into interstellar space where they eventually reach other stars. But electromagnetic waves like radio transmissions and light can only travel so fast—that’s why we use light-years to measure distances across the universe. The researchers used this law of physics to estimate how long it will take for DSN signals to reach nearby stars, and for alien life to return the message. 

The process revealed several insights. For example, according to their calculations, a signal sent to Pioneer 10 reached a dead star known as a white dwarf around 27 light-years away in 2002. The study team estimates a return message from any alien life near this dead star could reach us as soon as 2029, but no earlier. 

[Related: Nothing can break the speed of light]

More opportunities for return messages will pop up in the next decade. Signals sent to Voyager 2 around 1980 and 1983 reached two stars in 2007: one that’s 26 light-years away and a brown dwarf that’s 24 light-years away, respectively. If aliens sent a message right back from either, it could reach Earth in the early 2030s.

This work “gives Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence researchers a more narrow group of stars to focus on,” says lead author Reilly Derrick, a University of California, Los Angeles engineering student.  

Derrick and Isaacson propose that radio astronomers could use their star lists to listen for return messages at predetermined times. For example, in 2029 they may want to point some of Earth’s major radio telescopes towards the white dwarf that received Pioneer 10’s message.

But other astronomers are skeptical. “If a response were to be sent, our ability to detect it would depend on many factors,” says Macy Huston, an astronomer at Penn State not involved in the new study. These factors include “how long or often we monitor the star for a response, and how long or often the return signal is transmitted.”

There are still many unknowns when considering alien life. In particular, astronomers aren’t certain the stars in this study even have planets—although based on other exoplanet studies, it’s likely that at least a fraction of them do. The signals from the DSN are also still incredibly weak at such large distances, so it’s unclear how plausible it is for other stars to detect our transmissions.

“Our puny and infrequent transmissions are unlikely to yield a detection of humanity by extraterrestrials,” says Jean-Luc Margot, a University of California, Los Angeles radio astronomer who was not involved in the recent paper. He explains that our radio transmissions have only reached one-millionth of the volume of the Milky Way. 

“The probability that another civilization resides in this tiny bubble is extraordinarily small unless there are millions of civilizations in the Milky Way,” he says. But if they’re out there, there might be a time and place to capture the evidence.

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This article originally appeared in Grist.

A new report by the American Lung Association found that more than one in three Americans were exposed to unhealthy levels of air pollution between 2019 to 2021. Released on Wednesday, the 24th annual State of the Air report grades Americans’ exposure to two of the nation’s most pervasive air pollutants: ground-level ozone, an air pollutant that forms smog, and particle pollution, also known as soot. 

The report found that while overall smog and soot pollution continues to decrease across the U.S., racial and geographic disparities are rising. As climate-fueled wildfires and drought increase and intensify, more people living in the West face potentially deadly particle and ozone pollution compared to their Eastern counterparts.

People of color were found to be 64 percent more likely than white people to breathe unhealthy air, compared to 61 percent in last year’s report. They are also 3.7 times more likely than white people to live in a county that received the American Lung Association’s lowest rating for all three pollution metrics that the group examined: ozone pollution, annual particle pollution, and short-term particle pollution. The report’s ratings were informed by national air quality standards set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Last year, people of color were 3.6 times more likely to live in a county that received a failing grade on all three measures.

Paul Billings, national senior vice president of public policy for the American Lung Association, said that those findings reflect the continued impact of systemic racism. Pollution sources ranging from refineries to highways are disproportionately sited in communities of color — a persistent legacy of racist housing policies such as redlining. “The benefits of clean air have not been equally shared, and in fact, we’re seeing in this report an even wider disparity than we saw last year,” he said. 

Ozone causes what experts describe as a “sunburn of the lungs,” causing shortness of breath and wheezing and increasing the risk for asthma and respiratory infections. And particulate matter pollution bypasses the human body’s natural defenses to enter the deepest part of the lungs. Even short-term exposure to fine particles — those smaller than 2.5 microns across, also known as PM 2.5 — can lead to a host of health harms, including asthma attacks and heart attacks. 

The number of people experiencing 24-hour spikes in particle pollution rose to the highest levels reported in the last decade. Close to 64 million people lived in counties with failing grades for those daily spikes, according to the report. “That’s nearly a half a million more than we saw in last year’s report,” said Billings.

One major contributor is more frequent and intense wildfires linked to climate change, which spew smoke and fine particles.

Billings said that when the American Lung Association started issuing its State of the Air reports 24 years ago, the organization noticed a much broader spread of communities across the U.S. experiencing high levels of pollution. Now, because of wildfires and increasingly hotter and drier weather, Western states are dominating the lists of top 25 cities most impacted by pollution. 

California cities make up four out of the top five in the lists of cities most impacted by annual particle pollution and ozone pollution. 

“We really see this marked shift, and a lot of that we think is due to climate change, not only for the wildfires but also the hot conditions that create the opportunity for ozone formation,” said Billings. 

Ozone forms when nitrogen oxides and other pollutants “cook” in the sun through a series of chemical reactions. According to the EPA, ozone is more likely to form “on warm, sunny days when the air is stagnant.” 

Those hotter days have become more frequent as a result of climate change, leading to “the number of unhealthy ozone days being higher than it would otherwise be,” the report says. “Simply, climate change is undercutting the progress we would have made.”

In response to these challenges, the American Lung Association and other public health groups are calling on the EPA to further limit ozone and particle pollution by significantly strengthening national ambient air quality standards under the federal Clean Air Act passed in 1970. The agency is currently reviewing both the particulate matter and ozone standards. 

Billings said tightening those limits would fulfill the central promise of the Clean Air Act to provide everyone with clean, healthy air. “While we’ve made progress — no question about it — here we are more than 50 years later looking in the rearview mirror, and we still have more than 1 in 3 living in this country, living in a county that has unhealthy air,” Billings said. “No child born in 2023 should have to breathe air pollution that can make them sick.” 

This article originally appeared in Grist at https://grist.org/health/pollution-smog-wildfires-1-in-3-americans-breathe-unhealthy-air-new-report-says-strong/. Grist is a nonprofit, independent media organization dedicated to telling stories of climate solutions and a just future. Learn more at Grist.org

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Best for toddlers		Power Wheels Trail Racer ATV		SEE IT	It has two speed settings to choose from.
Best for beginners		Best Choice Products 12V Ride On Electric ATV		SEE IT	Chunky wheels work on a variety of terrain.
Best electric		Razor Dirt Quad		SEE IT	Give older kids more freedom to ride.

All-terrain vehicles, or ATVs, can be a great source of fun for kids. While they’re not ready for the gnarly, gas-powered vehicles just yet, there are safer models that meet the needs of smaller children. The best ATVs for kids come in a variety of sizes and capabilities. Kids as young as toddlers can ride and drive (even before they take their first steps), while older kids can ride fast laps for an age-appropriate and fulfilling thrill. No matter how you swing it, they can be a great way to learn driving skills and enjoy time outdoors. Some models are even appropriate for adult use, allowing the entire family to get in on the fun. Whether you’re a newbie to the world of ATVs or are looking to upgrade your current model, consider the options that are available for kids and how to choose the best one for their age, size, and driving capabilities. Before you make your next purchase, take a look at this comprehensive list to help you find the best kids’ ATVs.

• Best for beginners: Best Choice Products 12V Ride On Electric ATV
• Best electric: Razor Dirt Quad
• Best small ATV: Blitzshark 24V Kids Ride on ATV
• Best for toddlers: Power Wheels Trail Racer ATV

How we chose the best kids’ ATVs

When searching for the best kids’ ATV, look at these models and research aspects in order to find your best fit. When looking at bang for buck, we recommend the Razor Dirt Quad for its ability to toe the line between a child’s toy and a real ATV. It’s pricier than smaller models but offers more power, capabilities, and storage options.

We took several factors into account when researching the best electric ATVs for kids, including price, speed, battery life, reviews, safety features, terrain, size, and material. By looking at durability and how long (and fast) an ATV can move, we were able to decipher which ones are better suited for kids. 

We also included a range of styles to cover kids of different ages, sizes, and driving capabilities. Take a look at the above factors when searching for your child’s ATV and which one is best suited for your family’s needs.

Best kids’ ATVs: Reviews & Recommendations

Best for beginners: Best Choice Products 12V Ride On Electric ATV

Best Choice Products

SEE IT

Why it made the cut: The Best Choice Products 12V Ride On Electric ATV is a great first-time ATV for young grade-schoolers or young kids learning to maneuver. 

Specs

• Weight: 46.3 lbs.
• Dimensions: 39.5x26x29.5 inches
• Materials: Metal and plastic components

Pros

• Bluetooth capabilities
• Includes LED headlight
• Plush backrest

Cons

• Max speed of 3.7 mph
• Max rider capacity of 66 lbs. 

The Best Choice Products 12V ATV is ideal for kids learning to ride, including preschoolers and young grade-schoolers. With a more authentic feel than “kiddie” riders, this version will help them get their feet wet with its realistic rider design. It also hosts large trade wheels and a comfortable backrest so young riders can relax and take a break.

With a LED headlight and real working horn, kids can also ride at night, or alert others they are coming through! Features like a foot pedal and a low speed help keep it safer for younger kids. Battery life is slated to last up to 90 minutes, allowing for plenty of ride time before it needs to recharge. 

With this ATV, you can also hook up any Bluetooth device so kids can enjoy music as they cruise across surfaces like gravel, dirt, grass, concrete, and even light mud (avoid the sticky stuff). Though its tires are wide and made for many terrains, they’re plastic and won’t hold up to extreme terrain or weather conditions.

Check this ATV out for riders ages 5-10, including first-time riders. 

Best electric: Razor Dirt Quad

Razor

SEE IT

Why it made the cut: The Razor Dirt Quad straddles the line between kids’ toys and real ATVs so closely that kids won’t know it’s not the real thing. 

Specs

• Weight: 75 lbs.
• Dimensions: 43x24x31 inches
• Materials: Alloy steel

Pros

• Made of steel, has real rubber tires
• Speeds up to 8 mph
• Max rider weight: 120 lbs.

Cons

• 40 minutes of ride time
• No speed limiter 

When it comes to a more advanced rider, the Razor Dirt Quad is where it’s at. Suitable for small kids who know how to ride, it toes the line right up to being a real gas-powered vehicle. The quad hauls at 8 mph and will carry riders up to 120 lbs. 

Advanced features include lights and buttons that make revving noises and shatterproof plastic fenders. Meanwhile, the frame is made of real alloy steel that glides up and down even rough terrain. Knobby rubber tires help round out the rugged look and feel of this kid’s ATV. 

With a 24-volt battery, parents can rest assured the vehicle has plenty of get-up-and-go (so much so that there’s no speed limiter). Ride for up to 40 minutes before needing a recharge. Hand-operated brakes rely on twisting grips, so it feels like the real thing. As an added bonus, metal hooks are provided for vertical storage, helping you save space in the off-season, or whenever you need to tuck it away. 

Even experienced riders will need to ease into this model before parents can let them safely ride off on their own. Because this vehicle moves faster than the rest of the rides on this list, it makes safety equipment absolutely essential.

Best small ATV: Blitzshark 24V Kids Ride on ATV

Blitzshark

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Why it made the cut: This space-saving model offers plenty of ATV perks for kids without the storage commitment (or huge price tag). 

Specs

• Weight: 48.5 lbs.
• Dimensions: 42.5×27.6×29.1 lbs.
• Materials: Metal suspension

Pros

• Comes with protective gear
• Metal suspension
• Working lights and radio

Cons

• Additional shipping fee
• 2-wheel drive

When looking for a smaller model ATV, look no further than the Blitzshark 24V Kids Ride On. With metal suspension, you can get elements of a higher-level ATV, without the price tag that comes with them. At nearly half the price of rugged models, Blitzshark cuts down on weight with plastic framing and wheels. Its size also fits its lowered price, with a 12V model that hauls its smaller model to and fro with ease. 

Its lighter weight also adds battery time, lasting up to three hours, based on speed, rider weight, and terrain. This model is suitable for grass, gravel, and light ground. Real lights and a working radio round out the big kid experience. 

Suitable for riders up to 80 pounds, it comes complete with safety gear (be sure it fits properly, as a wide range of riders can use this ATV). The Blitzshark travels up to 6.5 mph and hosts soft-breaking technology to avoid jarring stops for riders. 

If you’re looking for a mid-model ATV for younger kids that won’t break the bank, but is also suitable to store in a small area, this is your pick. The Blitzshark is ideal for kids under 10 or smaller kids up to 13. 

Best for toddlers: Power Wheels Trail Racer ATV

Power Wheels

SEE IT

Why it made the cut: The Power Wheels Trail Racer ATV is a great quad option for young drivers, whether or not they have steering experience.

Specs

• Weight: 25 lbs.
• Dimensions: 45.75x30x31.58 inches
• Two speed settings: 3 and 6 mph

Pros

• Drives on hard surfaces and wet grass
• Parent-controlled, high-speed lockout
• Power-lock brakes

Cons

• Short battery life
• Max weight 65 lbs.

This basic quad setup allows young toddlers (and kids up to 65 lbs.) to cruise a variety of surfaces, including wet grass. Choose from two speed settings (3 mph and 6 mph) depending on the child’s capabilities and preferences. You can also switch to parental controls to keep your ATV under control. Ideal for kids too young to drive, or for when they are getting too brave with the ATV. 

With a low frame and plenty of buttons to push, this ATV is a great toy for kids who are learning to drive, steer, and avoid obstacles in the yard. It’s also complete with smooth steering to avoid jarring or jerking movements by novice riders who are prone to jerking the handlebars when they get overwhelmed. That can lead to epic wipeouts on some other models. 

Overall, it’s a great starting ATV and ideal for young riders. 

Things to consider when shopping for the best kids’ ATVs

Before purchasing an ATV for kids, you should look into a few specific things. This will help you get the right style for your family, whether you have one child or multiple that will share the electric kids’ ATV. Use these factors to find your best fit.

Gas vs. electric kids’ ATVs

First, ask yourself this important question: do you want to run a gas engine or a model that’s battery-operated? It’s worth noting that for this article, we focused on battery-operated ATVs for kids, which are more environmentally friendly. 

Gas ATVs have far more power and can be used for long trips and bigger thrills. This is usually what experienced riders and adults ride, simply due to their advanced options and ability to carry larger riders. However, it’s worth noting that gas models come with additional expenses than their battery-powered counterparts. Aside from the fuel itself, you’ll need to keep the engine running properly with oil, filters, and a clean carburetor. There is the upkeep of tires, wheels, etc., in addition to the battery. But if that’s the thrill you’re after, it’s likely worth the extra expense and maintenance.

For this article, we’re focusing on electric ATVs, which are best for young, small, and inexperienced riders. They are more eco-friendly, more affordable, and still offer plenty of speed and movement for their size.

Safety features of ATVs for kids

Next, consider the safety features of each ATV. Obviously, helmets are essential, but depending on age and skill level (as well as the power of the vehicle), you may want to opt for extended safety capabilities. For instance, do you need a roll cage added? Do you want your child to drive on two wheels or four? The former is best for skilled or older riders. You should also look at potential speed and tire type. While toddlers will be great with plastic wheels, kids who will drive on rougher terrain will need real rubber tires of varying degrees of thickness. 

In this article, we’re reviewing four-wheeled vehicles that sit higher up off the ground, most commonly referred to as four-wheelers. Usually, low-ground options, like go-carts, need a roll cage.

Product dimensions of your kids’ ATV

Now it’s time to consider the size of the ATV itself. Where will you store it? In most cases, you won’t want the ATV exposed to the elements, so you’ll need a shed or garage of some kind where it can be parked. Its weight and measurements can also come into play. For instance, a heavier ATV could be more dangerous, require more battery power to charge, and more. This is one more area to research before making your final ATV purchase.

FAQs

Final thoughts about the best kids’ ATVs

While your little one may not be ready for full-fledged four-wheelers, there are fun, safe options out there if you’re looking for the best kids’ ATVs for children of almost any age.

The post The best kids’ ATVs in 2023 appeared first on Popular Science.

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Best Overall		National Geographic Glowing Marble Run		SEE IT	Lots of pieces make this set very flexible.
Best budget		ELONGDI Marble Run Set		SEE IT	Save money or buy several sets to expand the builds.
Best wooden		Hape Quadrilla Wooden Marble Run Construction		SEE IT	Wood materials will last longer than plastic.

Marble run toys are classic games that not only provide fun and excitement for your child, but they also help build STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Math) and other skills like visual tracking, dexterity, and hand-eye coordination. From wooden constructions to magnetic pieces to glow-in-the-dark marbles, marble runs vary in design and style. You can find marble runs for toddlers 3+ or more challenging options suitable for older kids. Please be mindful that these games can be a choking hazard, so be sure not to leave this game around babies or unattended toddlers. Here are the five best marble runs of 2023 that you can convince your kids are just real-life Minecraft.

• Best overall: National Geographic Glowing Marble Run
• Best wooden: Hape Quadrilla Wooden Marble Run Construction
• Best plastic: Ravensburger GraviTrax
• Best magnetic: PicassoTiles Marble Run Magnetic Tiles
• Best budget: ELONGDI Marble Run Set

How we chose the best marble runs

Unlike consumer electronics, marble runs don’t have a ton of complex electronics or hard specs to compare. We started by taking a wide survey of the available models, then narrowing it down to specific options that promise durability and flexibility. Kids can get bored easily when toys only offer one play pattern, so flexibility is critical in keeping little ones interested. 

We also focused on sets made from durable materials because they last longer than their cheaper, flimsy counterparts. We used a combination of personal experience, editorial reviews, user feedback, and feature comparisons to choose the best possible models. 

Best marble runs: Reviews & Recommendations 

While comparing features can be useful, we have some specific recommendations for different people. While we’ve broken the picks down into categories, there’s always overlap so peruse all of the options for best marble runs before making a purchase.

Best overall: National Geographic Glowing Marble Run

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC

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Why it made the cut: This marble run comes with 50 glow-in-the-dark marbles, 1 UV keychain light, and sturdy construction for fun gaming.

Specs

• Ages: 8+
• Dimensions: 17.5 x 7.5 x 13.5 inches
• Batteries: 1 CR2 battery required (included)

Pros

• Excellent brand reputation
• 12,000 positive reviews
• High quality
• Sturdy
• Glow in the dark

Cons

• Black light isn’t impressive
• Glow could be brighter

This glowing run comes with 250 pieces including glowing marbles that look like “galaxies in the dark.” It also comes with a storage pouch and a UV keychain light to make the marbles glow brighter and last longer.

This kit is super high-quality with ample reviews to back it up. You can get great height with stackable towers, and it’s easy to assemble. 

One of the only cons is that some say the black light isn’t very bright, but you can keep the marbles under a flashlight or lamp to make it shine even brighter. 

Best wooden: Hape Quadrilla Wooden Marble Run Construction

Hape

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Why it made the cut: Made from high-quality and durable birch wood, this marble run comes with tons of fun features like seesaws, straightaway rails, and three spiral funnels to keep your kids engaged.

Specs

• Ages: 4+
• Dimensions: 21.34 x 13.39 x 5.43 inches
• Material: Wood

Pros

• High-quality wood, durable
• Non-toxic, FSC-accredited
• Lots of features 
• Lots of positive reviews

Cons

• Can be wobbly
• Colors could be more distinguishable 
• Pricey

This wooden marble run is a high-quality, multifunction construction set that encourages spatial awareness and problem-solving. It offers seven different color blocks made from non-toxic, FSC-accredited birch and rubber wood.

The Quadrilla Vertigo features a mix of spins, drops, seesaws, straightaway rails, and three spiral funnels to keep kids (and curious parents) entertained. Some of the pieces have toggles, which keep the marbles going in unpredictable directions.

The only knock on this was it doesn’t include organizational materials to keep the wooden pieces safe from scratches and dings. The colors could also be more distinguishable from each other. It’s pricey, but given the high quality and natural wood material—a bonus if you’re cutting down on household plastic—it’s worth the premium.

Best plastic: Ravensburger GraviTrax

Ravensburger

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Why it made the cut: Kids 8 and up can enjoy the Speed Set, the deluxe version of the Starter Set plus extra features and accessories like flips, loops, spirals, and cannons. 

Specs

• Ages: 8+
• Dimensions: 13.5 Inches (H) x 4 Inches (W) x 20.5 Inches (D)
• Batteries: None required

Pros

• 6 million sold worldwide
• Excellent brand reputation
• High quality
• 185 pieces

Cons

• Pricey
• Could have more base pieces

For kids ages 8 and up, this marble run set features everything from the GraviTrax Starter Set, plus some components from the Bridges and Tunnels expansions and four additional accessories. These accessories include the Magnetic Cannon, Flip, Loop and Spiral. In total, it offers 185 pieces and 10 different track layouts to play with. 

The GraviTrax encourages kids to start simple and build, allowing this set to grow with your kid developmentally with more challenging elements. It doesn’t require batteries.

Reviewers love the variety you get in the set, and how positively their kids responded to the game. However, some customers wished there would have been more base pieces for building more towers. Buying more sets will provide more options.

Best magnetic: PicassoTiles Marble Run Magnetic Tiles

PicassoTiles

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Why it made the cut: This colorful magnetic tile marble run and 3-D race track comes with 10 different geometric shapes, including columns, slopes, slides, funnels, and U-turns.

Specs

• Ages: 3+
• Dimensions: 16.51 x 13.24 x 5.32 inches
• Material: Steel, Plastic

Pros 

• Fairly priced
• Good for toddlers
• Can be used with other PicassoTiles sets
• BPA-Free, Lead-Free, Non-Toxic

Cons

• Could be sturdier
• Some say need to purchase more than one

Choose from a 40-, 70-, or 150-piece set that comes chock-full of 10 different geometric shapes like columns, slopes, slides, funnels, and U-turns. The steel weighted marbles and a 3-D race track are perfect for building on imagination and STEM skills. 

Some reviewers recommend getting at least two sets to really make this product shine. Add marble run tubes to your tiles to help them snap into place for added sturdiness. 

It’s fairly priced—depending on the number of pieces, it ranges from under $30 to under $70—and is made from non-toxic, BPA-free, lead-free, and child-safe materials. Note: it can be used with other PicassoTiles products, excluding the mini tiles with the PTG set. 

Best budget: ELONGDI Marble Run Set

ELONGDI

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Why it made the cut: This inexpensive and colorful marble run game for kids ages 3 and up comes with 105 pieces made from non-toxic and BPA-free plastic, all under $40.

Specs

• Ages: 3+
• Dimensions: 12.4 x 9 x 3.4 inches
• Material: Plastic

Pros

• Inexpensive
• Simple and straightforward
• Colorful
• Non-toxic, BPA-free plastic
• Great for toddlers

Cons

• Not the highest quality

This budget-friendly set comes with 105 marble run pieces to create elaborate, continuous setups. The bright, colorful nature of the pieces will likely do well to keep a little one’s attention.

This is a simple marble run without a ton of frills and features. It can stack 2 feet high and is great for toddlers and little ones (but be sure to keep an eye on them—these pieces can be a choking hazard). 

Note that the plastic is BPA-free and non-toxic, but because of the price point, the material isn’t the highest quality. Hot tip: some users recommend constructing your run on a rubber mat—the dining table can make it less sturdy and tip over. 

What to consider when buying the best marble runs

These brainy toys are a great way to get creative juices flowing and reduce tablet time. Here is what you should know when shopping for the best marble runs.

Age

Marble toys will list their age restrictions or recommendations. Be sure to look for an age-appropriate toy when shopping for your little one. Marbles are, by their very nature, choking hazards, so these are probably best to avoid for very little ones. And, make sure they’re stored in a safe place, like a toy organizer, when not in use.

Materials

Some marbles are made of glass, while others are made of plastic. You can find magnetic sets, wooden options, and more. Some sets can expand if you buy more pieces to go with them, so if you think it may be a big hit, opt for something you can build on later.

Durability

Depending on price point and material, the toy’s durability can vary. Some will be sturdier and some more flimsy—so always read the reviews! For toddlers, you might afford to get something a bit more flimsy, but a wobbly marble run could definitely frustrate older kids. Maybe they can take out that irritation in the backyard on their ATV.

FAQs

Final thoughts about the best marble runs

Marble runs are the perfect educational toy that not only entertains and excites your little ones but also helps build valuable skills! Get off the screen and into twists, turns, slides, flips, loops, and spirals with the fun of the best marble runs. 

The post The best marble runs of 2023 appeared first on Popular Science.

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Jeep established its roots back in the 1940s, and the brand quickly established itself as a 4×4 expert. Rugged and utilitarian, Jeep has been an icon of off-roading ever since. For its next act, the automaker is getting electrified. Jim Morrison, senior vice president and head of the Jeep brand in North America, says it has established its line in the sand. 

“We’ve said we will be the greenest SUV brand and by 2025 all of our vehicles will be electrified,” Morrison says. “We expect half our sales to be electrified by 2030.”

Jeep’s plan includes four all-electric SUVs in North America and in Europe by 2025. The automaker debuted sneak peeks of two of those vehicles—the Jeep Recon EV and Wagoneer EV (code name Wagoneer S)—via its YouTube channel back in September of last year.

Remember, electrified in an automotive context is different from fully electric: Electrified refers to using motors to enhance and support gas-powered models for better efficiency and fewer emissions, while fully electric is a pure EV, with no internal combustion engine whatsoever. Jeep will offer both types, at least for now. Stellantis, Jeep’s parent company, has ranked at the bottom of the EPA’s 2022 rankings [PDF] for fuel efficiency and carbon emissions between 2016 and 2021; Stellantis includes brands like Chrysler, Alfa Romeo, and Dodge. Each of these brands is finally getting a hybrid version—Dodge unveiled the hybrid Hornet in March and Alfa Romeo is about to launch its first electrified model, the Tonale—so improvement is on the table. 

The electrified plans are well on its way: the Wrangler 4xe, Jeep’s first plug-in hybrid vehicle, made its debut for model year 2021 and the Grand Cherokee was offered as a PHEV for 2022. Since then, both have registered impressive sales, with the Wrangler 4xe taking the crown as America’s best-selling PHEV for 2022. How will the electrification of Jeep affect its off-roading credibility? 

Here’s how it’s working in the real world. 

The Jeep Magneto concept

At its 57th Easter Jeep Safari in Moab, Utah this March, the brand showed off its newest batch of concepts intended to inspire Jeep owners to enhance and accessorize, and to entice non-Jeep owners to dream. (The Easter Jeep Safari is typically a nine-day event with day-long 4×4 trail rides throughout—basically, it’s like summer camp for off-roaders.) One of those was the Magneto 3.0 concept, a fully-electric variant of the popular Wrangler SUV. The Magneto name sounds like a superhero badge, and it’s definitely a way for the automaker to see how far it can go. 

“Magneto has been our test bed and pushed the extremes for 4×4 capability and electrification,” Morrison tells PopSci. “Over these years, we have been learning more and more about how electrification is accepted by our customers. Magneto 3.0 is exponentially better than 1.0; we learned that instant torque is cool with 1.0, then we learned you can modify it with 2.0, adding 40-inch tires and Dana 60 axles. This year, we took it up to 900 hp with Magneto 3.0, and it’s an absolute beast off road.” 

The automaker says the third time’s the charm with this version, as it expands upon the improbable combination of a six-speed manual transmission with a battery-electric powertrain. I got behind the wheel of Magneto 2.0 in Moab last year with Morrison in the passenger seat, and was impressed by the concept’s rock crawling ability; it held up to the capability everyone expects of a Jeep. 

The sounds of (off-roading) silence

Driving a Magneto and a 4xe, what I noticed most of all was the quiet. In the Magneto, of course, the vehicle is nearly silent, but it’s just a concept at this point and not available to the masses. Details on the upcoming Jeep Recon EV are slim so far, and we’ll be waiting to see what features and range it will include.

Unlike an all-electric Jeep, the Wrangler 4xe or Grand Cherokee 4xe are available now. The vehicles default to the hybrid system, and operating it in E-Save mode on the asphalt conserves the electric capacity for the trails. In the Wrangler 4xe or Grand Cherokee 4xe (those two models boast 21 all-electric miles for the Wrangler 4xe and 26 all-electric miles in the Grand Cherokee), drivers can run nearly the entire Rubicon Trail in California if they want to. 

Off-roading competitor and owner of Barlow Adventures in Arizona, Nena Barlow, has led Jeep tours at the Easter Jeep Safari and tested all three versions of the Magneto on the trails. She’s also a six-time Rebelle Rally competitor, and won the last two years in a Wrangler 4xe. Barlow also cited silence as a key benefit to driving an electrified off-roader, not just for the reduction in noise pollution but for the driving advantages, being more in tune with her vehicle. 

“The power with electric motors is just amazing in terms of the torque, the control, and the quiet,” says Barlow. “Even in the 4xe, being able to run obstacles in electric mode has spoiled me. I kind of get irritated by engine noise now; I want to hear what my tires are doing.”

When tackling challenging terrain, it’s a huge advantage to be able to hear your tires. Drivers can hear if they’re slipping off a rock and evaluate how well the rubber is connecting to the road. There’s a crunching sound on loose terrain, and a different noise when you’re at that threshold of losing adhesion, Barlow says. 

Morrison’s daily driver is a 4xe, and he says the wildlife near his home pay him no mind. “You’re just driving around and suddenly you’re face to face with a deer,” he says. “It’s fun to go off road and connect with nature.” 

Does an electrified Jeep provide enough power?

Some have asked Barlow why she would choose the Wrangler 4xe and not the beastly 6.4-liter V8-carrying Wrangler Rubicon 392 for the Rebelle Rally. The 4xe has the same amount of torque (470 pound-feet) but less horsepower (270 hp versus 470 hp) than the 392, but the 4xe gets twice the range out of one tank of gas. 

Those worried about scraping up the battery pack needn’t fret, because the bellies are well protected. In fact, Barlow has been renting out Wrangler 4xe models to tourists for the past couple of years, and she says if renters can’t find a weak spot, no one can. 

What you’ll notice while off-roading in an electrified Jeep is the pure power to take on big hills with no hesitation. In electric mode, the vehicle pushes forward smoothly and without lag, holding on an ascent without much effort. The bigger challenge may be the charging infrastructure, which Jeep is addressing with solar-powered charging stations at its Badge of Honor trailheads.

“I believe the 4xe is the future,” Barlow says. “It has all the power and great range, and that’s the way we need to be going.” 

Correction on April 25, 2023: This article has been updated to clarify Jeep’s plans for all-electric vehicles, including the Recon EV and Wagoneer EV.

The post Jeep is steering its famous off-roaders towards electrification appeared first on Popular Science.

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Best wireless gaming mouse		Logitech G502 Lightspeed Wireless Gaming Mouse		SEE IT	This highly customizable pick comes with 11 programmable settings and works with the Power Play charging mat for uninterrupted gaming.
Best ergonomic wireless mouse		Contour Unimouse Ergonomic Wireless Mouse		SEE IT	Available in versions for lefties and righties, this pick provides thumb support and doubles as a wired mouse when being charged.
Best wireless keyboard and mouse		Logitech MK850 Wireless Keyboard and Mouse Combo		SEE IT	Work with both your iPad and Windows 10 with this versatile pair.

Finding the best wireless mouse that both complements your setup and meets all your needs can feel like a daunting task, but it doesn’t have to be that way. As far as computer accessories go, incorporating a mouse into your workflow can help you become more productive by offering the option to customize buttons to perform virtually any task, adjust cursor speed, and much more. This can also come in handy during your favorite games. Having pre-assigned actions loaded and ready to go can be the difference between life and death on the PUBG battleground.

But why go wireless in the first place? Using a wireless mouse instead of a wired mouse is a more convenient option for most people. Ditching the wires will reduce clutter around your work or gaming station. And the lack of wires also makes it easier to toss your mouse in your bag without worrying about your cables getting tangled or damaged. We know no two mice are the same, so here’s how to find the best wireless mouse for you.

• Best for gaming: Logitech G502 Lightspeed Wireless Gaming Mouse
• Best ergonomic: Contour Unimouse Ergonomic Wireless Mouse
• Best with trackball: Logitech MX Ergo Wireless Trackball Mouse
• Best keyboard and mouse combo: Logitech MK850 Wireless Keyboard and Mouse Combo

The best wireless mice: Reviews & Recommendations

Best for gaming: Logitech G502 Lightspeed Wireless Gaming Mouse

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The best wireless gaming mouse? The G502 Lightspeed has you covered for any game with its 11 programmable buttons and hyper-fast scroll wheel. It’s quick, responsive, and customizable. The Lightspeed works with Logitech’s G Hub software, which allows you to reprogram buttons, change the colors, and adjust the sensitivity. This wireless mouse also works with the PowerPlay charging mat so you’ll never have to worry about running out of juice in the middle of a game. PowerPlay does add a bit of extra weight but it could be worth the convenience. If you opt not to use the charging mat, Logitech boasts up to 60 hours of use with lights.

Best ergonomic: Contour Unimouse Ergonomic Wireless Mouse

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Using the Unimouse allows your hand to sit in a more natural position similar to that of a handshake instead of resting flat. This ergonomic wireless mouse also provides thumb support and can be rotated or tilted to whatever position is most comfortable for you. The Unimouse works with a 2.4GHz USB adapter instead of Bluetooth and doubles as a wired mouse when being charged. It offers six programmable buttons and DPI from 800 to 2800. The right-handed model is linked above; there is also a left-handed mouse available.

Best with trackball: Logitech MX Ergo Wireless Trackball Mouse

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Logitech did an excellent job at modernizing the trackball mouse. The ergonomic-design, wireless trackball mouse offers a unique adjustable hinge that allows you to change the angle of the trackball from 0 to 20 degrees for a more natural, comfortable hand position with reduced muscle strain. The MX Ergo comes with eight customizable buttons and a dual connectivity feature that can facilitate connections across three computers via included Unifying receiver or Bluetooth. According to Logitech, its MX Ergo can function for up to 70 days on a single charge.

Best keyboard and mouse combo: Logitech MK850 Wireless Keyboard and Mouse Combo

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The Logitech MK850 Performance keyboard and mouse combo are high-quality peripherals that will complement any desk setup. Both the keyboard and mouse support multi-device and multi-operating-system usage via the unified USB receiver or Bluetooth, which means you’ll have no issues starting a project on your iPad and picking up on your Windows PC using the same devices. The mouse is comparable to Logitech higher-end models but at a fraction of the price. It’s ergonomic and comes with eight customizable buttons and a max DPI of 1000. The keyboard is equally impressive with its tactile keys and comfortable wrist rest. You also have the option to adjust the board so you can use it flat or at an angle.

Things to consider when shopping for the best wireless mice

When it comes to finding the best wireless mouse for you, there are a few things to consider and we’ll walk you through. First of all, you’ll want to consider the price. A good wireless mouse can run you into the triple figures—but there are also quite a few budget-friendly options to choose from. Up next, you’ll want to think about the power behind your new toy. Do you want a mouse with built-in batteries? Would you prefer replaceable batteries? There’s also the issue of ergonomics and form factor. An ergonomic mouse is specifically designed to reduce hand and wrist strain but they’re usually on the larger size. So, while they may allow for more comfortable long-term sessions, they’ll be a little less easy to carry around. Additionally, if your hands are on the smaller side then you may have some issues with grip. We know, it’s starting to sound like a lot again, but let’s break it down a little more.

What makes a mouse a gaming mouse?

As a gamer, you could get by using a regular wireless mouse. But you don’t need to just get by when there are mice specifically designed to create a better and more immersive experience for you. A gaming mouse offers a host of unique features, including special software to customize tweaking and support higher dots per inch (DPI) and counts per inch (CPI)—both of which ultimately contribute to increased sensitivity and better gaming.

Another thing to consider when choosing a wireless mouse to add to your gaming equipment is the weight of your mouse. The weight of your mouse matters because it could affect your gaming style. For example, if you’re the kind of gamer who gets caught up in the moment and likes flicking your mouse around, then you’ll want to keep the weight in mind. Most gaming mice offer adjustable weights that can be added or removed depending on what works for you.

Ergonomics matter more than you realize

Using a mouse for extended periods can result in persistent pain in your wrist, elbow, or hand. Fortunately, ergonomic mice were designed with this in mind and they can be pretty effective at preventing or minimizing discomfort. A good ergonomic mouse requires less grip strength than a traditional mouse, which reduces the tension of the tendons in your hands. The vertical design of these mice works by shifting the strain and pressure from the wrist and hand to our stronger and larger upper arm muscles.

While this may seem like a small adjustment, you’d be surprised just how much more productive you’ll become with this wireless ergonomic mouse.

Do you need a trackball?

At first glance, a large ball protruding from the side of your new computer accessory might be a bit odd—but it can actually be quite useful. Much like the best ergonomic mouse on this list, the trackball can help reduce discomfort in your hand and wrist as you use it. Using a trackball wireless mouse requires less wrist movement than a traditional mouse, which reduces the repetitive motions that could potentially cause you to develop carpal tunnel syndrome.

In addition to the health benefits, a trackball wireless mouse offers a unique and maybe even a better way to move your pointer across the screen. And since the ball moves separately from the mouse, it can be used on any surface without interruption. As for the downsides, there is definitely a learning curve. Trackball mice are also less precise when it comes to accomplishing certain tasks. This lack of accuracy also makes it unsuitable to be used as a gaming mouse.

Should you opt for a combo?

Instead of buying a wireless keyboard and a wireless mouse separately, you may want to consider picking up a combo pack. Buying both devices together will ensure your gadgets are compatible and that you’ll be getting the best performance out of them. When looking for the best wireless mouse and keyboard combo, go for something that will fit the aesthetic of your current setup while also being able to meet your computing needs.

FAQs

A final word on shopping for the best wireless mice

The best wireless mouse will be ergonomic to hold, have an adjustable weight and DPI, and be easy to charge, whether that’s by plugging in the device or switching out the batteries. If you’re an avid gamer, customizable buttons are also a plus—though they can help you create shortcuts for work too.

The post The best wireless mice in 2023 appeared first on Popular Science.

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Best optical sensor		Razer Basilisk v2		SEE IT	This smart-tracking motion sync mouse has high-quality sensors to level up your gameplay.
Best for sensitivity		Logitech G502 Lightspeed		SEE IT	For lightweight controls, an adjustable weight system, and wireless design make this a top tier option.
Best budget		Razer DeathAdder Essential		SEE IT	This responsive gaming mouse comes at an affordable price while maintaining quality design.

Finding the best gaming mouse is essential to your setup as a PC gamer. A good gaming mouse determines how precise, quick, and accurate your various strikes, selections, and sudden moves will be. But are they worth the investment? Yes, if you’re serious about gaming. A regular computer mouse isn’t built to handle rapid movement or vigorous clicking, which makes it susceptible to breakage and dysfunction. A gaming mouse is more sensitive, responsive, and more ergonomically designed than a regular computer mouse. The best gaming mouse is also customizable for your needs and built to let you game for hours. No matter whether you’re playing an FPS, action RPG, or something involving intense strategy or simulation, the best gaming mouse will help improve your performance. That said, it’s not easy to decipher the technical jargon that describes the options on the market or know at the outset which is the best gaming mouse for you. Here’s a quick guide to help you choose the best gaming mouse for your needs.

• Best optical sensor: Razer Basilisk v2
• Best adjustable weight: Corsair Nightsword
• Best for sensitivity: Logitech G502 Lightspeed
• Best with customizable buttons: Razer Naga Trinity
• Best wireless: Corsair Dark Core RGB Pro
• Best budget: Razer DeathAdder Essential

The best gaming mouse: Reviews & Recommendations

Best optical sensor: Razer Basilisk v2

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The Basilisk by Razer Basilisk v2 gaming mouse has a sensor that is out of this world. Called a Razer Focus+, this optical sensor has a tracking accuracy of 99.6 percent and is equipped with smart-tracking, asymmetric cut-off, and motion sync. This mouse has a 20,000 DPI, 50G acceleration, and weighs around 3.3 ounces. There are 11 programmable buttons, a drag-free cord, and color customization so you will always feel in control. Additionally, you can adjust the overall sensitivity of the mouse and the scroll wheel resistance, making for a very versatile peripheral. There are several Razer mice that use the same sensor so take a peek at some of their other models if you need less versatility and more specificity.

Best adjustable weight: Corsair Nightsword

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The Corsair Nightsword is one of the most customizable mice on the market when it comes to weight distribution and ergonomics. Two sets of weights with six different mounting locations will give you up to 120 different balance configurations and built-in software will automatically detect the mouse’s center of gravity so you can fine-tune the weight and balance to fit your preferred grip. It features a textured contoured shape with a thumb rest to keep your right hand relaxed and reactive. This Corsair mouse has 10 programmable buttons and 18,000 DPI with a customizable PixArt optical sensor. If you are looking for a mouse with more attention to grip than weight, we recommend you check out a cousin of the Nightsword, the Corsair Glaive with 3 interchangeable grips.

Best for sensitivity: Logitech G502 Lightspeed

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The Logitech G502 Lightspeed is not only incredibly accurate but extra customizable when it comes to DPI and sensitivity. It has a Hero 16K sensor, can weigh anywhere between 4.02 – 4.59 ounces, with an acceleration of more than 40G. It comes with 11 programmable buttons and 100 – 16,000 DPI sensitivity options for great gameplay in shooting and strategy games alike. This mouse is wireless but reliable with a 60-hour lifespan on a single charge and compatibility options for a continuous charge using Logitech’s Powerplay mousepads.

Best with customizable buttons: Razer Naga Trinity

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The Razer Naga Trinity is the belle of the ball when it comes to buttons. It is excellent for MMO players and manages to side-step the issues that can arise with a lack of flexibility regarding grip when it comes to a high-button count. The Razer Naga Trinity has up to 19 programmable buttons with 3 interchangeable side plates that have 3, 7, and 12 buttons respectively (this allows you to adjust your grip depending on your game needs). It has a 16,000 DPI sensor, a customizable color profile, and weighs roughly 120 grams.

Best wireless: Corsair Dark Core RGB Pro

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The Corsair Dark Core is a rechargeable, wireless gaming mouse with up to 50 hours of continuous battery life, wireless charging Qi capabilities, USB wired play options, and eight programmable buttons. It has an 18,000 DPI optical sensor, RGB backlight customization with an integrated LED light bar, and two interchangeable side grips. This wireless mouse a little heavier than some models, coming in at 9.2 ounces but many gamers prefer the stabilization this weight provides.

Things to consider when shopping for the best gaming mouse

Gaming mice are designed with functionality far above any run-of-the-mill computer mouse options, which means you have more to think about before making a purchase. The overall shape or design of the mouse, its DPI, sensor type, mappable buttons, and whether or not you want a wired mouse are all crucial factors to consider. Each gamer might want something different so it’s difficult to recommend a universally perfect mouse. We’ll break down the elements and suggest some products that we feel exemplify excellence when in each category.

Optical or laser sensor

The sensor on your mouse is the technological upgrade that has replaced that tiny rubber ball previously found at the bottom base. It essentially uses an LED light that bounces off of a surface, mousepad, etcetera to transmit coordinates that correspond to your computer screen, allowing you to scroll, click, hover, and perform all the various mouse functions. There are two types of sensors you’ll encounter when searching for a gaming mouse: optical and laser. Determining the right sensor can be fairly contentious and there is much debate about which works the best. There is a ton of highly detailed scientific information floating around about the difference between these two types of sensors and how mice work, but the key is that they use a different type of light source to reflect off of the surface it’s on. Generally speaking, a laser sensor can handle any surface type, including something glossy it can also transit information with greater detail and accuracy however some report issues with acceleration (meaning the mouse can become unsynced with the computer screen if moved too fast). Optical sensors don’t suffer from acceleration as much but they can also be more sensitive to surface type. Both sensors can perform very well but if acceleration is a major concern, and you don’t mind purchasing a cushy mousepad, we suggest going for the optical sensor.

Which ergonomic design options are best for you?

The assorted design options that for the best gaming mouse are manifold. But to break it down, these mice are all designed to be functional and ergonomic and alleviate pressure on your wrist. They allow you to play fluidly, without having to constantly adjust hand placement or position. Think about the weight of the mouse and the type of grip you prefer. If you make sudden, fast motions or you want a little resistance you could consider a mouse that has an adjustable weight option, which typically comes in the form of inserts. When it comes to grip, you have three options: claw, palm, and fingertip. A claw grip will have your wrist resting on the mouse pad, your fingers gripping the mouse itself, and your palm elevated above the body. A palm grip will have you rest your palm on the back of the mouse with your fingers resting on top; this is the grip found in a traditional computer mouse. A fingertip grip will have both the wrist and palm elevated, using only your fingers to control the motion alongside various buttons. Grip preference is frequently based on hand size- a fingertip grip mouse is typically the largest.

Most mice are created for right-handed players, but there are a number of excellent mice out there that have created ambidextrous programmable options like the Glorious Model O or Mira-M from HK Gaming. A few companies, like Razer, have even made dedicated left-handed mice.

How sensitive does your mouse need to be?

When searching for the best gaming mouse, you’ll came across a million tech acronyms. Which are important to pay attention to when making your selection? DPI stands for “dots per inch” and can also be marketed as CPI, “counts per inch” when discussing gaming mouse specs. DPI and CPI refer to the number of counts or captured pixels your mouse takes per inch of travel. The higher the DPI, the more sensitive the mouse is. A high DPI doesn’t always mean a better mouse though, you also want to make sure the mouse has a high IPS, or inches per second which tells you the maximum velocity at which it can still capture. Many gaming mice have a DPI of 4000 or higher with the option to increase or decrease that number. Some gamers prefer a lower DPI because lower sensitivity can mean better precision. DPI can also be selected based on your screen’s pixelation. If your screen has a high pixel density, then a higher DPI might be helpful. While DPI might not determine much about your gameplay because most gaming mice function with an already substantial count, we recommend finding something that is adjustable or customizable, so you can test out what works best for you.

Finally, you’ll want to consider your mouse’s acceleration. We touched on this briefly when discussing sensors but it’s important to know that no matter the sensor, acceleration can still affect your gaming. Acceleration describes the amount of gravitational force your mouse can handle whilst tracking accurately and effectively. It is also often customizable and while frequently considered a negative for games that require a lot of quick back and forth, it can be utilized effectively in FPS games and others that require precision.

Do you need customizable buttons?

It is our humble opinion that customizable buttons can make or break a great gamer if used creatively and intelligently. Some prefer to forgo additional buttons but they can be a huge asset when it comes to execution and quick thinking. Gaming mice have at minimum 5 buttons and a maximum of around 19. The number of buttons right for you will probably depend on gaming experience and game preference. A lower button count will be just enough for newer gamers or those who enjoy FPS games. Low button mice can also be called shooter mice and some even come with a dedicated sniper button that will lower the DPI for more precision when pressed. A higher button count may take more experience to program and operate but will give RTS or MMO game players alternative functions and macros necessary to play successfully, though they take some time to get used to and you’ll need to program each one. These mice often feature a keyboard-style grid on the thumb side (muscle memory will soon become your new best friend). There are also button hybrid mice which will give you a little more flexibility without having to commit to one game type.

Customizable buttons can also mean customizable lighting. While this is mostly cosmetic, custom lighting options can be a super fun addition to your gaming mouse. RGB lighting can be found all over gaming setups, from speakers to chairs and now your mouse. Pick the aesthetic that works best for you (or your team). While the lighting will not impact the function of your buttons it does suggest that the customizable software is up to snuff. It’s important to feel like you’re in control of the command center when you’re fighting interplanetary battles.

Do you want a wired or wireless gaming mouse?

Another hot-button (get it?) debate amongst gamers and their mice is to go wired or wireless. Reliability is a major plus that a wired connection provides, but it also limits portability, range of motion, and inhibit your overall desk setup. These mice are connected to the computer using USB so you probably won’t need to invest in adaptors. Pretty much all wired mice are created equal when it comes to connectivity, though you can check out each spec to get a cable that is long enough for your needs. A wireless connection is more susceptible to disconnection or malfunction but models have become increasingly more reliable. A wireless mouse will declutter your cables, provide a cleaner setup, and will be easy to swap out. Keep in mind, you will need to charge this mouse so make sure you check out the battery life. You don’t want to be smack in the middle of a sequence only to lose complete control because your mouse is dead. A wireless mouse will let you play games from just about anywhere, you won’t need to be close to your monitor. This can be a great option for those of you who want to do some couch playing while hooking your monitor up to the television.

In general, we believe that a wired gaming mouse is a better option for most gamers, it also happens to be less expensive, but we recognize that sometimes you need to value form over function and as the technology continues to improve the form and function inch closer to being equals with many wireless gaming options.

Best budget: What you get for under $50

The price of many of the best gaming mouse options reflects the sophistication of their design and sensitivity. While it’s not easy to find comparable models with that level of functionality, it’s not impossible. Some of the best-known mouse manufacturers, such as Razer and Corsair, offer more affordable models made at the level of quality the brands are known for. You may not be able to customize lower-priced options like the Razer DeathAdder Essential, as much, and they may not be as aesthetically appealing. But the best cheap gaming mice can go easier on your wallet while providing the same levels of precision and functionality.

FAQs

The bottom line on shopping for the best gaming mouse

The best gaming mouse for your experience, preferences, and setup should now be at your fingertips. With so many advanced features and design options, the gaming peripherals, like gaming keyboards, are constantly improving—and the mouse is no different. There are a ton of amazing options out there and we feel confident that your next WoW session will leave you feeling fired up and in control with a brand new, ergonomically designed, programmable mouse in hand.

The post The best gaming mouse of 2023 appeared first on Popular Science.

Articles may contain affiliate links which enable us to share in the revenue of any purchases made.

Best overall		Aura Mason Luxe Smart Frame		SEE IT	With unlimited storage, an intuitive app, and the ability to be oriented either portrait or landscape, the 2K Aura Mason Luxe frame truly has everything you could want.
Best touchscreen		Sammix Digital Picture Frame		SEE IT	Maximum usability is the name of the game with the SAMMIX digital picture frame, which boasts touchscreen capabilities, motion-sensor activation, and more.
Best budget		Aluratek Digital Photo Frame		SEE IT	This frame is all about simplicity: Just plug in your USB full of photos and watch a slideshow of memories come to life.

Whether its Mother’s Day, Grandparents’ Day, or just any day that ends in “y,” a digital picture frame helps make even the smallest moment make a big impression as favorite memories and unexpected flashbacks pop up. Created to store your most cherished memories and put them on display, these smart frames—many of them wirelessly connected—exponentially increase how many photos can be showcased. For the indecisive among us, this is really good news. And for those who hate clutter, getting rid of 25-plus picture frames and replacing them with a single digital one is even better news. And a digital picture frame you can remotely update for a loved one truly is the gift that keeps on giving. Which leads us to the most important question: How do you pick just one? By reading our informative guide, that’s how! Here’s our selection of the best digital picture frames.

• Best overall: Aura Mason Luxe Smart Frame
• Best large: Pix-Star Digital Photo Frame
• Best small: Atatat Digital Frame With IPS Screen
• Best touchscreen: Sammix Digital Picture Frame
• Best budget: Aluratek Digital Photo Frame

How we chose the best digital picture frames

To make our selections, we honed in on the following criteria:

Storage: Whether in the cloud or on your USB flash drive, photos have to live somewhere. We looked at what kind of storage each photo frame provides and the pros and cons of each option.

Design: If a photo frame is going to live in your home or office long-term, it has to look good. All of the frames in this list are not only functional but aesthetically pleasing as well.

Usability: With any technological advancement comes the difficulty of adjusting to new tools and gadgets. We made sure to select picture frames that provide a friendly user experience.

Size: Like traditional picture frames, digital ones come in different sizes. We included several different options in this category and explained the benefits of each.

Customization: Looking at family photos can be an intimate experience; we made sure to include what level of personalization each picture frame provides.

The best digital picture frames: Reviews & Recommendations

On the surface, a digital photo frame looks almost exactly like the traditional photo frame it was designed to replace. But with many hidden technological features and perks, these well-rounded rectangles are a whole new ball game.

Best overall: Aura Mason Luxe Smart Frame

Tess Ware

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Why it made the cut: The Aura app enables anyone in the family with a smartphone to add photos to the Mason Luxe picture frame from anywhere, making it the best choice for a household with lots of memories or members to put on display.

Specs

• Screen size/type: 9.7-inch screen
• Connection type(s): WiFi enabled
• Storage type(s): Unlimited cloud storage

Pros

• A sleek, stone-inspired hand-speckled design makes this frame appropriate for almost any room
• Portrait or landscape orientation
• Extremely high resolution for an ultra-crisp display
• Compatible with Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant

Cons

• The most expensive frame in this roundup

Aura makes digital picture frames that stand out for the full-featured technology contained in their chic minimalist design. Thanks to 2.4GHz WiFi capabilities and free unlimited cloud storage, you could send tens of thousands of photos (or short videos) to any Aura Mason Luxe frame on a home network and still not run out of space. Once invited to contribute, anyone with the Aura app on on iOS or Android phone or tablet can edit and add photos from anywhere in seconds, with none of the hassles that come with using email. Once the photos are in the frame, the 2K 2048×1536 (256dpi) display—which can be set up either portrait or landscape, and automatically rotates the screen if reoriented—presents them intelligently cropped in chronological order or randomly shuffled, though you can adjust the speed as you see fit. Auto-dimming technology automatically adjusts brightness for the environment, plus shuts the frame off at night. And an interactive touch bar lets you change photos, view details, and more if you don’t want to reach for your phone.

A straightforward setup process makes it easy to gift an Ausa Mason Luxe, which will display a personalized welcome message/image as soon as its online. Gunning for the “Best Son of 2023” award, the PopSci gear team’s associate managing editor sent one of these frames to his mother for his birthday, and she’s been constantly delighted as new pictures of her other son in Japan, grandchild on the soccer field, or contemplative granddog (shown above) pop up every few days. From the recipient herself: “What I have enjoyed the most … is the burst of joy every time I see a photo of a loved one or a picture a loved one has shared with me!”

Got a bigger family or group of friends but want to spend a little less? Consider the $149 Aura Carver Smart Frame, which has a 10.1-inch HD (1200×800 150dpi) display with a landscape orientation within its modernist setting. While it’s a lower resolution than the Mason Luxe and vertical images will be displayed as pairs, the horizontal alignment means there’s still lots of room for a crowd of smiling faces, as well as beautiful vistas. Aura’s convenient, beautiful digital picture frames check every box regarding usability, accessibility, and aesthetics.

Best large: Pix-Star Digital Photo Frame

Pix Star

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Why it made the cut: This extra-large photo frame from Pix-Star is best for displaying your loudest, proudest moments (in both photo and video form).

Specs

• Screen size/type: 15-inch IPS LED screen
• Connection type(s): WiFi enabled, USB stick, SDHC card, or SDXC card
• Storage type(s): 8GB internal memory
• Additional features: Motion-sensor activated

Pros

• Share photos and videos via the Pix-Star app
• 8GB internal memory
• Motion sensor activated

Cons

• Large display could make low-res images look pixelated

Pix-Star made this 1024×768, 4:3 photo frame with your biggest memories in mind: those moments that, even when condensed into a photo, seem to jump out from the screen. Think weddings, graduations, international vacations—the memories that really deserve front and center display are about to have a serious moment.

Conveniently, Pix-Star has an app via which you can share images from anywhere in the world, meaning that even if you can’t be with your loved ones at the moment, you can still send them memories of a happier time. Pix-Star doesn’t have cloud storage, though, so you’ll have to rely on the frame’s internal storage. But with 8GB (around 30,000 images), it’s unlikely that you’ll run out of room. Additionally, you can connect a social media account and share photos directly from your Facebook or Instagram profile, for example. Other ways to share include a USB stick, SDHC card, or SDXC card. Simply pick the 25 photos you’d like to display on this (huge!) screen and connect via whatever form is easiest for you.

Best small: Atatat Digital Frame With IPS Screen

Atatat

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Why it made the cut: This digital photo frame allows you to add background music, adjust the brightness, edit the slideshow, and more, making it one of the most customizable picture frames.

Specs

• Screen size/type: IPS screen
• Connection type(s): USB
• Storage type(s): 128GB
• Additional features: Adjustable brightness, background music

Pros

• IPS screen for optimized viewing
• Comes with a remote control
• Multiple slideshow modes

Cons

• No app or WiFi capabilities
• No cloud storage

This digital photo frame may not have the bells and whistles of a more technologically advanced frame, but what it lacks in features, it makes up for in customization of what it does and does well. Here you’ll get an alarm clock, calendar, personal music (uploaded via USB), multiple languages, a remote control, and adjustable slideshow settings to create a truly personalized viewing experience. 

With only 7 inches of screen, this is also one of the most compact digital photo frames. Despite being physically small, it has tons of storage: 128GB, to be exact. What’s more, an IPS screen makes for a much better viewing experience than an LED screen, so every photo you upload will look its best. Take this frame with you wherever you go, or find it a permanent home in your space. The options are endless with a small, portable screen like this one.

Best touchscreen: Sammix Digital Picture Frame

Sammix

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Why it made the cut: It’s never been easier to set up, share, and enjoy a digital picture frame. Sammix’s laundry list of capabilities empowers every user, and a separate app means you can share photos from anywhere in the world.

Specs

• Screen size/type: 10-inch IPS touchscreen
• Connection type(s): WiFi enabled
• Storage type(s): 16GB

Pros

• Easy setup with an IPS touchscreen
• Turns on and off via motion sensor
• Built-in 16GB storage

Cons

• Instant sharing only works with a 2.4GHz WiFi network
• No built-in battery

Sammix makes sharing images with loved ones easy; it’s as simple as downloading their app, Ourphoto. With a 2.4GHz WiFi network, adding photos to the frame can happen in seconds. Other features include a motion-activated on/off switch so that the slideshow automatically starts up when you walk into the room; a user-friendly touch-screen interface; and a sleep mode for evening or naptime. 

This Sammix frame isn’t perfect; the instant sharing only works with a 2.4GHz network (so if you have a 5GHz network, this may not be the frame for you). And the frame won’t work unless it’s plugged in since it doesn’t have a built-in battery. Otherwise, Sammix does an excellent job of making the user experience accessible, and the IPS screen keeps things looking crisp. Lastly, additional features like background music, video compatibility, an alarm clock, a calendar, and daily weather reports make this digital picture frame a winner, though not quite top of its class.

Best budget: Aluratek Digital Photo Frame

Aluratek

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Why it made the cut: Though Aluratek lacks a lot of the fancier features seen in other products, it’s much better priced than those items and still performs the most important duty of a photo frame: displaying your photos!

Specs

• Screen size/type: 7-inch screen
• Storage type(s): USB flash drives, SD cards
• Additional features: Automatic slideshow, high-quality wood frame

Pros

• Compatible with both USB flash drives and SD cards
• Various display and transitions options for your slideshow
• Frame adjustable for both horizontal and vertical orientation

Cons:

• No built-in battery
• No remote control
• No touchscreen

It’s back to basics with the Aluratek digital photo frame. It’s wallet-friendly, but there’s a price: It doesn’t boast many of the features that come standard in other frames. There’s no battery, no remote control, no touchscreen, and no built-in memory. However, let’s not be deterred by the overt simplicity of this frame. For a very affordable price, the Aluratek frame performs the same basic function as the pricier frames. And without all of those gadgets, you may find it’s much easier to use, too. 

Regarding storage, no built-in memory means that capacity will depend entirely on the size of your USB or SD card. Further, you’ll have to keep this frame plugged in for it to work, so be sure you have a spot in mind to display it that’s near an outlet. Choose from landscape or portrait orientation, select from several slideshow options, and you’re all set to enjoy this frame.

Things to consider before buying a digital picture frame

Unlike traditional photo frames, purchasing a digital picture frame isn’t necessarily a small expense. So it’s important to be intentional about what features you prioritize and whether or not there are features you can live without. And as technology advances, we should all be conscious of what gadgets could become obsolete in the near future. For example, will you really still have that SD card in 10 years, or will everything be on the cloud? Here are some more considerations:

Essential features

First, ask yourself if you’re OK with a digital picture frame that requires an outlet or whether you would pay extra for a built-in battery. Then do the same for features like motion-sensor activation, WiFi capabilities, and the like. Do you need them, or are they irrelevant?

Style

You won’t be able to change out the color or size of your frame, so make sure it’s timeless.

Extra perks

When so many digital picture frames boast almost the exact same set of tools, it’s the additional features that really start to stand out. Think about those extra features—the motion-sensor activation, the background music, the weather reports—and decide which ones are make-or-break for you. Understanding your own preferences and priorities is the easiest way to weed out imperfect options and find the right frame for you.

FAQs

Final thoughts on the best digital picture frames

• Best overall: Aura Mason Luxe Smart Frame
• Best large: Pix-Star Digital Photo Frame
• Best small: Atatat Digital Frame With IPS Screen
• Best touchscreen: Sammix Digital Picture Frame
• Best budget: Aluratek Digital Photo Frame

After looking at each of these five digital picture frames, we can clearly see that there are several options and priorities to consider before purchase. The capabilities and perks run the gamut, and so do the prices. But, compared to the other four options or simply viewed as a standalone product, the Aura Mason Luxe Smart Frame is unmatched. Combining high-tech features with an easy user experience and a chic design, this photo frame will stay useful—and beautiful—for years to come.

Why trust us

Popular Science started writing about technology more than 150 years ago. There was no such thing as “gadget writing” when we published our first issue in 1872, but if there was, our mission to demystify the world of innovation for everyday readers means we would have been all over it. Here in the present, PopSci is fully committed to helping readers navigate the increasingly intimidating array of devices on the market right now.

Our writers and editors have combined decades of experience covering and reviewing consumer electronics. We each have our own obsessive specialties—from high-end audio to video games to cameras and beyond—but when we’re reviewing devices outside of our immediate wheelhouses, we do our best to seek out trustworthy voices and opinions to help guide people to the very best recommendations. We know we don’t know everything, but we’re excited to live through the analysis paralysis that internet shopping can spur so readers don’t have to.

The post The best digital picture frames for 2023 appeared first on Popular Science.

Articles may contain affiliate links which enable us to share in the revenue of any purchases made.

Best overall		Govee Immersion TV LED Backlights		SEE IT	Different modes use the system’s built-in microphone and/or small 1080p mounted camera to adjust your lighting experience based on how you are using it.
Best to sync with audio		Sengled Segmented TV LED Backlights		SEE IT	An embedded microphone helps bring these light strips to life based on the music you’re listening to.
Best LED light bar		Philips Hue Play White & Color Smart Light		SEE IT	This voice-activated smart home device can be creatively placed wherever it works best in your space.

While the TV itself is crucial for building out your home theater setup, LED lights for TVs can add a create a truly theater-like experience. At their simplest, LED TV lights will create a soft, adjustable backlight behind your television, enhancing the ambiance of your home entertainment and reducing eye strain. At their most thrilling, the best LED lights for your TV will connect and sync in real-time with the colors and sounds you’re streaming. LED lights can create a custom visual experience that complements movies, music, and gaming, providing you with a bright spot of entertainment to look forward to after a long day. Whether you want to be the host with the coolest home streaming setup, or simply want to cut down on strain while you watch re-runs, the best LED lights for TVs can make a massive difference.

• Best overall: Govee Wi-Fi TV LED Backlights with Camera
• Best LED sync box: Philips Hue Play HDMI Sync Box
• Best to sync with audio: Sengled 13.12Ft Smart Wi-Fi TV LED Backlight
• Best light bar: Philips Hue Play White & Color Smart Light
• Best budget: Luminoodle Color Bias Lighting – USB LED TV Backlight

How the best LED lights for your TV can improve your home entertainment experience

QLED, OLED, Mini LED… you’ve thought a lot about the backlighting technology in your TV. But the drama while viewing those vivid images can be upped even more once you think about the environment’s lighting. Got one of the best TVs for PS5 and want to amp up the eye-popping visuals? Look no further than the space you’ve already got to play with around your screen.

The best LED lights for your TV use technology that has trickled down from commercial applications and now offers anyone flexible ways to experiment with light. The majority of these lights come in the form of LED strip lights, which are essentially flexible circuit boards that illuminate. Think about all the times you’ve walked down the aisle in a movie theater, or had your eye drawn to a particular part of a store display; the same lights used to define those spaces are now available at home. These lights are small enough, light enough, and bright enough to illuminate your space with almost no weight, and minimal power. Most LED lights for TVs are designed specifically for use with smart TVs and customized to work with the size of your screen. The strips plug in through a USB port on the back or side of the TV, offering a clutter-free appearance. With an average lifespan of about six years, these lights should be able to cycle through many movie nights.

When it comes to quality, look for TV LED lights that will provide a brightness of at least 450 lumens per foot, equivalent to a T8 fluorescent lamp. In order to allow for theatrical lighting effects, colored LED strips should offer hues across the entire visible spectrum. Higher-end LED lights are designed to not only illuminate but to sync with your viewing experience. You can find Wi-Fi-enabled lights that are controlled via an app on your smartphone or with voice command, as well as simple lights that operate with a remote control. Lights that expressively sync to the music, movie, or game you are playing can do so via a hub that connects to the TV’s HDMI connection, or with a microphone and video camera technology. Whether you want adjustable backlights or a fully immersive lighting experience, we’ve selected some of the best LED lights for your TV.

Related: Best soundbars for immersive sound

The best LED lights for TVs: Reviews & recommendations

Here are our picks for the best LED lights for TVs. They run the gamut from elaborate and expensive to simple and affordable. Get the pick that best matches your space and preferences.

Best overall: Govee Wi-Fi TV LED Backlights with Camera

Amazon

SEE IT

Specs

• Number of LEDs:
• Length:
• Recommended TV size:

Pros

• Colored lights react to on-screen action
• Simple to install
• Comes in four sections, so no cutting

Cons

• Higher-end models offer two cameras at a cost

This handy LED lighting system offers Wi-Fi connectivity so can be controlled by hassle-free voice command. Different settings (video or music modes) use the system’s built-in microphone and/or small 1080p mounted camera to adjust and customize your lighting experience based on how you are using it. RGBIC technology lets you customize each strip segment for multiple colors simultaneously, and multiple user profiles can be saved. It is important to note, however, that the camera can sometimes have a slight delay in color change, or when multiple colors are used on the TV screen. 

Best LED sync box: Philips Hue Play HDMI Sync Box

Amazon

SEE IT

Specs

• Number of LEDs: N/A
• Length: N/A
• Recommended TV size: N/A

Pros

• This box links up your Philips lights across a variety of devices
• Works with gaming, streaming, music, and content
• Opens up the opportunity for more smart lights around the house

Cons

• Expensive
• You have to build your own kit

When you are looking to use your LED lights with more than one device, this hub can control and connect them all. Not only will your lights sync to your smart TV, but they will also work for gaming, streaming, and music. While a more expensive option, this Sync Box gives you voice-activated and smartphone control for your LED TV lights, as well as compatible smart bulbs throughout the room in traditional light sockets.

Best to sync with audio: Sengled 13.12Ft Smart Wi-Fi TV LED Backlight

Amazon

SEE IT

Specs

• Number of LEDs: 150
• Length: 160 inches (total)
• Recommended TV size: Up to 60 inches

Pros

• 27 scene modes offer lots of flexibility
• Built-in microphone syncs to music
• Easy to use app
• Built-in voice control

Cons

• Might be underpowered for bigger TVs

Quick and easy setup, no hub required. Customize your lights through the app or voice-activated commands. Whether you want to maintain a dark viewing area with some added low lighting, or you want a couch concert beamed into your face, sync features can take you to a new level of fun. 

Best light bar: Philips Hue Play White & Color Smart Light

Amazon

SEE IT

Specs

• Number of LEDs: N/A
• Length: N/A
• Recommended TV size: Up to 85 inches

Pros

• Can chain up to three light bars
• Excellent color reproduction
• Ties in with Philips smart light system
• Doesn’t need to attach to the TV

Cons

• Expensive

This voice-activated smart light bar works with the Philips Hue Hub and Smart Home Device. It can be used behind the TV for custom backlights or be creatively placed wherever it works best in your space. Controls and settings are controlled with the Philips Hue app.

Best budget: Luminoodle Color Bias Lighting – USB LED TV Backlight

Amazon

SEE IT

Specs

• Number of LEDs: N/A
• Length: 78 inches
• Recommended TV size: Up to 80 inches

Pros

• Very affordable
• Customizable
• USB-powered

Cons

• Lacks sophisticated features
• Installation requires separate adhesive material

You’ll be the one glowing as you change colors and brightness according to your mood. Installation is an easy peel-and-stick attachment to the back of the TV, and settings are controlled with a remote. While there are no sync options, this offers a good TV backlight for an entertainment center.

Things to consider when shopping for the best LED lights for your TV

While we feel confident in the picks above, it’s always a good idea to do some research on your own. Here are some things to consider and terms to know before you make a purchase.

Ease of installation

If you are looking for an immersive experience, you want to get the best LED lights for your TV that offer syncing to sound and image. There are a couple of ways that this can be achieved, but if you’re looking for the most compatible, economical set up and you don’t mind seeing a small apparatus, consider a syncing system that uses a built-in microphone and a small camera attachment.

The miniature camera, mounted to the center, top, or bottom of your television, processes the images and then automatically changes the LED light colors. A built-in microphone can also be used to sync lights. And the best LED TV lights synced with a microphone and camera offer a Wi-Fi connection and can work with Google Assistant or Amazon Alexa. 

Do you need lights that sync with audio?

Your movies, music, and games come to life with a great surround sound system. And with the best LED lights for your TV, your favorite songs are even more lively. Properly calibrated, LED TV lights can change color and pulse to the rhythm of a favorite album or a film’s soundtrack, elevating an immersive, emotional experience. 

While expensive hubs can deliver this feature exceptionally well, it is possible to purchase LED TV lights with embedded microphones that offer this feature for less cost. And, like with hubs, these enabled LED lights use a Wi-Fi connection and work through app controls, as well as with voice activation through Amazon Alexa, Google Home, and SmartThings. Customizable features include dimming, color change, party, and holiday light settings, scene-setting, and modes designed for movies, games, or music.

What is an HDMI sync box?

When you want to set up an entertainment center with multiple devices, and perhaps multiple smart lights, you should consider an HDMI Sync Box. A Sync Box, or hub, acts as the command center for all your LED lights and gives you the most customization in lighting design. Not only can hubs be used with LED lights for TVs, but they can also be used with any smart bulb or fixture. Multiple connections allow you to connect, sync to, and control a plethora of compatible devices, such as your smart TV, streaming devices, Blu-ray player, and gaming system. 

Using a hub can give you more nuanced controls and can be accessed with an app on your smartphone. Creative settings and modes can be customized to allow for your lights to dance, dim, brighten, or even flash along to the games or movies you are using. While setting up your LED lights for your TV with a hub-based system is a more expensive option, you get more options and connections for other devices. A Sync Box is an additional purchase from your LED lights for TV and other smart bulbs, but it helps with more deeply integrated devices. 

How much do you want to spend?

Even on a budget, the best LED lights for your TV will offer a customizable backlit light, be easy to install and set up unobtrusively and create a cool ambiance while gaming, watching movies, or listening to music. LED technology has come down in price over the years, so it is possible to set up your home entertainment system with this LED backlight look for under $40—though you will often lose Smart features. 

If you are on a budget, getting LED light strips that offer basic controls with a remote is a good solution. While these designs do not have the ability to sync with music and action on screen, you can manually adjust colors and brightness. With an easy USB connection, pre-measured lengths that work out of the box with your specific TV size, and long-lasting bulbs, these are a good choice for enhanced, yet affordable ambiance.

Do you need a light bar?

While most TV LED lights on the market are designed as light strips, which are flexible and mounted with tape, there are options that provide this same type of experience but are designed as a freestanding light bar. 

The best LED light bar will provide a full spectrum of lights, dimmable and synced to your movies, music, and games. These bars can be lights behind the TV and offer a similar lighting experience to the strip design, or they can be placed in other locations around the TV. For example, two light bars can be used on either side of the TV, projecting a light show onto the surrounding back wall. Or, light bars can be placed on the floor to have your lighting experience splay up the wall and ceiling. Some light bars operate independently, and others are designed to be used with a hub or Sync Box. 

FAQs

Related: How to set up a 4K TV for the best possible picture 

A final word on shopping for the best LED lights for your TV

• Best overall: Govee Wi-Fi TV LED Backlights with Camera
• Best LED sync box: Philips Hue Play HDMI Sync Box
• Best to sync with audio: Sengled 13.12Ft Smart Wi-Fi TV LED Backlight
• Best light bar: Philips Hue Play White & Color Smart Light
• Best budget: Luminoodle Color Bias Lighting – USB LED TV Backlight

The best LED lights for your TV turn your entertainment center into a true centerpiece. They offer an immersive, customizable ambiance through Wi-Fi connections, smart features accessible via voice and/or apps, and amazing effects that bring movie theater-style into your home. From basic backlights to hubs designed for multiple lights and devices LED TV lights can bring a lot of style and fun to your gaming, movies, and music.

More TV roundups to help you find the perfect set

• Best 8K TVs
• Best TVs for gaming
• Best TVs for PS5
• Best OLED TVs
• Best QLED TVs
• Best Roku TVs
• Best TVs under $300
• Best TVs under $1,000
• Best 40-inch TVs
• Best 55-inch TVs
• Best 70-inch TVs
• Best 75-inch TVs
• Best Outdoor TVs

The post The best LED lights for your TV in 2023 appeared first on Popular Science.

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The unusual looking mudskipper has a startling face, and a fascinating backstory. The fish is actually amphibious and has evolved traits that ensure its survival in both water and on land. They have eyes on the top of their heads for better aerial vision and also use oxygen from their water stored in their gill chambers to breathe on land. However, the mudflat-dwelling fish’s ability to blink its eyes is shedding light on how our own ancestors evolved from living in the water to walking on land.

A study published April 24 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) found that the blinking behavior serves many of the same functions of our blinking, and it may be part of that suite of traits that allowed tetrapods to evolve on land. Tetrapods are the group of animals, including today’s amphibians, birds, reptiles and mammals, that evolved to exist on land in a rapid turn of events roughly 375 million years ago.

[Related: Our four-legged ancestors evolved from sea to land astonishingly quickly.]

Animals blink to keep the eyes wet and clean and protect them from injury. Sometimes, blinking can even be a form of communication. Humans and other tetrapods blink constantly through the day and despite it being a subtle action, it is quite complex. Strangely enough, mudskipper’s blink lasts roughly the same length of time as a human’s. 

“Studying how this behavior first evolved has been challenging because the anatomical changes that allow blinking are mostly in soft tissues, which don’t preserve well in the fossil record,” co-autor and Penn State University biologist Thomas Stewart said in a statement. “The mudskipper, which evolved its blinking behavior independently, gives us the opportunity to test how and why blinking might have evolved in a living fish that regularly leaves the water to spend time on land.”

To better understand how mudskippers evolved the ability to blink, the team analyzed blinking using high-speed videos. They compared the mudskippers’ anatomy with a closely related water-bound fish that doesn’t blink. Mudskippers blink with eyes that bulge out of the top of their heads, similar to a frog’s eyes. They momentarily retract their eyes down into the sockets, when they are covered by a sketchy membrane called a dermal cup. 

“Blinking in mudskippers appears to have evolved through a rearrangement of existing muscles that changed their line of action and also by the evolution of a novel tissue, the dermal cup,” co-author and Seton Hall University biologist Brett Aiello said in a statement. “This is a very interesting result because it shows that a very rudimentary, or basic, system can be used to conduct a complex behavior. You don’t need to evolve a lot of new stuff to evolve this new behavior — mudskippers just started using what they already had in a different way.”

To understand why the mudskippers blink on land, the team looked to the roles that blinking plays in other tetrapods. Tears in humans are critical to keeping the eye’s cells oxygenated and healthy, so the team looked to see if mudskippers blink to keep their eyes wet when exposed to the air.  

[Related: Tiktaalik’s ancient cousin decided life was better in the water.]

“We found that, just like humans, mudskippers blink more frequently when confronted with dry eyes,” said Aiello. “What’s incredible is that they can use their blinks to wet the eyes, even though these fish haven’t evolved any tear glands or ducts. Whereas our tears are made by glands around our eyes and on our eyelids, mudskippers seem to be mixing mucus from the skin with water from their environment to produce a tear film.”

They also found that blinking in mudskippers is triggered to protect the eye from injury as well as  clearing their eyes from possible debris. The finding suggests that mudskipper blinking appears to fulfill blinking’s three major functions—protecting, cleaning, and maintaining moisture.

“Based on the fact that mudskipper blinking, which evolved completely independently from our own fishy ancestors, serves many of the same functions as blinking in our own lineage, said Stewart. “We think that it was likely part of the suite of traits that evolved when tetrapods were adapting to live on land.”

The post Mudskippers blink—and that’s a huge evolutionary clue appeared first on Popular Science.

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Imagine throwing on a coat that actively warms you before walking down a frigid street in winter, or slipping on wearable gloves that simulate sensation and change form while playing a VR video game. Both accessories are closer to reality than ever, and could be manufactured using the same, first-of-its-kind smart material.

Designed by researchers at the University of Waterloo and detailed in a recent paper published in Nano-Micro Small, the new fabric is billed as the world’s first stimuli-responsive material (SRM) capable of reacting to two external influences—in this case, both heat and electricity. In doing so, the novel SMP can not only change color and shape, but can return to its original form after the stimuli is removed. Check out a video of the material in action below:

To achieve their breakthrough, researchers employed a device similar to a traditional loom to manufacture a fabric composed of thin, interwoven recycled plastic polymer and stainless steel threads. Compared to previous, similar materials, the new fabric is activated via lower electrical voltage, thus making it cheaper and more energy-efficient. According to researchers’ paper, the lower voltage could enable the material to eventually be integrated in smaller, more portable devices like biomedical tools and environmental sensors.

Thanks to its convenience and simplicity, temperature sensitivity is one of the most common stimuli to employ while researching shape- and color-changing smart materials. As the team explains in their paper, however, precise stimulation is usually extremely difficult. Making their new SRM reactive to electricity thereby allows for much more localized responses via remote control.

[Related: This rechargeable battery is meant to be eaten.]

To imbue their new fabric with its color-changing ability, additional threads containing thermochromic microcapsules (TMC) were woven alongside the strands of electrically conductive stainless steel. When heated, the TMC’s outer shell becomes translucent to expose its inner coloration. Once cooled, the shell again becomes opaque, thus returning to its original exterior hue.

“The mentioned features make the fabric an outstanding candidate for wearable devices, textiles, sensing, anti-counterfeiting, human-scale orthopedic device fields, and biomimetic applications,” researchers contended in their findings. To show off the latter potential, the team even constructed a cute, dragonfly-shaped form by subjecting their smart fabric to heat and electrical charges.

“Through the ability to sense and react to environmental stimuli such as temperature, this is proof of concept that our new material can interact with the environment to monitor ecosystems without damaging them,” said Milad Kamkar a professor of chemical engineering and paper co-author.

The post A new color-changing, shape-shifting fabric responds to heat and electricity appeared first on Popular Science.

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Best overall		Real Relax Favor 03 Massage Chair		SEE IT	Feel like you’re floating on a cloud in this zero-gravity massage chair.
Best stylish		Esright Massage Recliner Chair		SEE IT	A stylish recliner and useful massage chair.
Best for tall people		Human Touch Super Novo		SEE IT	This expensive chair has ample room for people up to 6’9″.

Ditch the standard recliner and get yourself a great massage chair that does much more than rock back and forth. With multiple options, heat functions, muscle compression, and soothing vibrations, a massage chair is a therapeutic throne. New styles, sizes, and price points let you slide a quality chair into just about any living space. Go big with a large chair that feels like a bear hug, or keep it simple with one disguised as a typical piece of living room furniture. Melt away all the stress of the modern world with the best massage chairs you’ll look forward to using.

• Best overall: Real Relax Favor 03 ADV Massage Chair
• Best stylish: Esright Massage Recliner Chair
• Best for small spaces: CirC – Premium SL Track Heated Massage Chair
• Best for tall people: Human Touch Super Novo
• Best budget: BestMassage Recliner Chair

Methodology

You should feel like you’re in a tropical paradise in a massage chair—not sitting in the middle of a mall an arm’s reach away from a lotion kiosk and sportscar raffle. It should be equal parts functional and stylish: you want something that will look good in your living room and make your back feel like it’s being pummeled into blissful oblivion. We looked at reviews, recommendations, user impressions, and what’s used in spas to guide our search. And, we did the incredibly difficult and not-at-all relaxing work of trying out a few—all in a hard day’s work of product testing.

Best massage chairs: Reviews & Recommendations

Ready to ease aching muscles with the touch of a button? When picking one, think about size and cost first. New features like zero gravity tilt and foot massagers can be worth the extra money. And look for a style that works for the room. A big chair looks fine in a man cave but may look out of place in the dining room.

Best overall: Real Relax Favor 03 Massage Chair

Real Relax

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Why it made the cut: This easy-to-use zero-gravity massage chair includes voice controls and Bluetooth connectivity to truly sit down and relax.

Specs

• Dimensions: 52 x 27 x 43 inches
• Capacity: 400 lbs.
• Reclining angle: Around 145 degrees
• Controller: LCD screen; voice control

Pros

• Voice control
• Bluetooth, smartphone connectivity
• Intuitive controls

Cons

• Heavy

The Real Relax massage chair is great for full-body massages. Eight massage rollers and 50 airbags are strategically placed to hit the right spot. It’s particularly good at massaging and rolling calves and feet. The controls are intuitive. Switch between six auto programs, heating, reclining, and leg compression quickly using your voice or the large LCD remote controller. The zero-gravity tilt—which can recline up to 145 degrees—turns this chair into a cloud of comfort, and the chair can handle up to 400 pounds.

This chair also comes with Bluetooth speakers and smartphone connectivity in order to jam to your favorite music or play spa tunes to set the mood. But even without those extras, this is one of the best zero-gravity massage chairs and it costs a little over $1,000. Not a bad deal for what you’re getting. Reviewers note that it takes at least two sets of hands to get the chair inside when it’s delivered. Post-assembly, it’s easy to move thanks to two built-in wheels.

Best stylish: Esright Massage Recliner Chair

Esright

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Why it made the cut: At first glance, this massage chair looks like a recliner, making it an inconspicuous addition to living room relaxation.

Specs

• Dimensions: 35.8 x 33.5 x 43.2 inches
• Capacity: 330 lbs.
• Reclining angle: 150 degrees
• Controller: Remote

Pros

• Side pocket
• Resembles a recliner
• Cup holder

Cons

• Difficult to close the footrest

If you don’t want a big professional massage machine taking up space in your home, but still want a good massage chair, the Esright Massage Recliner Chair is a great solution: It looks like a standard faux leather recliner you’d buy at the furniture store. Eight modes of vibration target lower-back pain and the heating function keeps your body comfortable and cozy on cold nights. The chair is also a genuine recliner and swivel chair, featuring a 150-degree reclining angle, 360 degrees of rotation, and rocking capabilities, making it ideal for a home theater. It even includes a cup holder and a side pocket for beverages and magazines.

Assembly is easy and it’s not too heavy. While it doesn’t pack the same powerful punch as a zero-gravity massage chair, this recliner is an affordable chair with a great sense of style. Reviewers note that it takes some strength to close the footrest, which is controlled by a pull handle between the seat cushion and armrest.

Best for small spaces: CirC – Premium SL Track Heated Massage Chair

Synca Wellness

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Why it made the cut: This ergonomic, retrofuturistic chair is perfect for small spaces and apartments thanks to its compact design.

Specs

• Dimensions: 40 x 21.75 x 37
• Capacity: 250 lbs.
• Reclining angle: N/A
• Controller: Remote

Pros

• Ambient lighting
• Ergonomic
• No assembly required

Cons

• Not for tall people

Not all massage chairs are big and bulky. The CirC massage chair is a compact 22 inches wide. It’s great for anyone smaller than 5’10’’ and the lack of armrests means it can fit well in corners and near walls. It uses rollers and SL track massage technology to focus on your back and neck. There are no vibration functions and it doesn’t recline, but for a simple, lightweight massage chair, this is great for apartments and small spaces. It has lumbar heating and the chair massage feels good, even for a straight-back model. It’s also an ergonomic chair, meaning you aren’t sacrificing comfort for style. It makes for a nice reading chair, thanks to the built-in ambient lighting. The chair doesn’t need assembling and the fabric cover is replaceable. Those taller than 5’10’’ will need something bigger, so take a close look at the size before buying. 

Best for tall people: Human Touch Super Novo

Human Touch

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Why it made the cut: A larger seat and adjustable massage roller widths make this one a great option for taller or larger people.

Specs

• Dimensions: ‎63″D x 34″W x 46″H
• Capacity: 285 lbs.
• Controller: LCD screen

Pros

• Zero-gravity
• Bluetooth capabilities
• Customizable

Cons

• The control panel interface could be more user-friendly

Zero-gravity massage chairs usually have small seat widths that feel cramped and uncomfortable for some people. The Human Touch Novo, however, offers a wider sitting area and an extended length in order to accommodate bigger and taller bodies. Despite its extra room, this chair still offers all the bells and whistles you’d expect, with many premium features you won’t find on cheaper models. The built-in Bluetooth speakers come from Altec Lansing, so they provide more fidelity while you get your rub on. An assortment of 38 different programs allows users to customize their routines. Each program simulates the hands of an actual massage therapist by changing up the pressure, direction, and intensity based on the desired effect.

Because this is a zero gravity chair, it reclines all the way back. Once you’re fully lounged, the chair can stretch out your legs and back to relieve the feeling of pressure that can build up over the course of the day. Of course, this is one of the biggest chairs on the list and it’s also the most expensive. But, if your body takes up a lot of room, you’ll need a serious massage chair. This one fits the bill.

Best budget: BestMassage Recliner Chair

BestMassage

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Why it made the cut: This optoin features capabilities of more expensive models at a fraction of the price.

Specs

• Dimensions: 39.8 x 27 x 34 inches
• Capacity: 275 lbs.
• Reclining angle: Up to 160 degrees
• Controller: Remote

Pros

• Easy assembly
• Eight modes of vibration
• Color options

Cons

• Tall people might find it a bit small

For less than $150, the BestMassage Recliner Chair does a pretty good job at rubbing away lower back pain. It’s not designed to tackle shoulders and it won’t compress your legs for increased blood flow, but for the same price as a non-massaging chair, why not go for the one with the robotic fingers? It has a two-point massage system and eight modes of vibration. It comes in seven durable and easy-to-clean colors. Even in the reclined position, it feels sturdy and comfortable. If you don’t mind giving up the bells and whistles of zero-gravity massage chairs, this simple recliner has the vibration power to make it one step better than a traditional living room chair. Assembly only takes two minutes and does not require any tools to build. Some reviewers note that people taller than 6 feet might find this chair too small for them.

What to consider when buying the best massage chairs

If you’ve never owned a heated massage chair, it may seem like an intimidating purchase. With varying sizes, features, and cost, how do you know what chair is the best for your home, your budget, and your body? Before bouncing your muscles into bliss, understand how these luxury chairs work and know what to look for when choosing a massage chair.

Function

The key selling point of any massage chair is its ability to rub you the right way. Larger versions will typically have a wide assortment of massage options. Shiatsu massage chair functions mean the chair will come with “fingers” that will move in a circular motion, mimicking the touch and feel of human hands. A rolling massage simply means your body will be treated to a rolling pin that travels up and down the body, mashing any muscles in its path.

Smaller massage recliners that look more like regular furniture will generally focus on your lower back. These are the cheapest massage chairs, but the rollers and fingers won’t travel down to your feet and may miss your neck and shoulders depending on your height and seating position. The bigger chairs can work on your entire body, head to toe. They can also pinpoint specific areas, like calves or shoulders. Full-body massage chairs are not cheap, and they are not small. Before you pursue this option, make sure you have the space and the budget for a top-to-bottom robotic masseuse. 

Should you buy a zero-gravity massage chair?

When shopping for the best massage chair, you’ll come across a zero-gravity feature. These large chairs can recline and raise your legs above your chest. The result is a feeling of weightlessness that feels incredible. (But truth be told, you’ll still be well aware of gravity, so don’t expect a 100-percent accurate feeling of floating into space.) 

Zero-gravity massage chairs will be big and look more like a spaceship escape pod seat than a chic piece of home decor. But for a more blissful experience, these chairs can’t be beat. And once you’ve felt the luxury of a horizontal chair massage, you’ll never want to use another chair, or bed, ever again.  

Size and assembly

While a simple, low-cost chair will be somewhat easy to move into position, the big zero-gravity massage chairs are bulky and heavy. Moving these 300-pound beasts around a carpeted living room or down a flight of stairs requires strength and patience. You’ll need a good shoulder rub after setting up a large massage chair. 

Many of the big chairs will have small wheels on the rear legs so the chair can be tilted and pushed. But even with the helpful wheels, these chairs can be tricky to maneuver. You’ll need two people to get everything in the right place. Measure your space before you buy, and give yourself a lot of wiggle room for reclining. 

The massage chair will usually arrive in one or two shipping boxes. Assembling isn’t too difficult, but give yourself a free afternoon or weekend to put it all together. You can pay extra for professional assembly, which can save time and frustration.

Budget

An affordable heated massage chair may cost between $100 and $200. These models are good at targeting lower back muscles. But once you enter the full-body massage chair market with its broader functionality, expect to pay $1,000 or more. 

These chairs are loaded with high-tech features such as heating and cooling elements, air cushions for better blood flow, and even smartphone apps to help you manage your relaxation. Some will come with LED lights and speakers. And they are more powerful, with deeper muscle penetration than the budget-priced massage chairs. Is all of that massage power worth it? Yes, if you want a total spa experience. But keep in mind that it won’t last forever. The moving parts will wear out and the electronics will begin to fail. And unless you’re a professional massage chair repair mechanic, once the chair breaks, it’s broken for good. After a few years of use, it may be time to buy another chair. 

Medical benefits

A massage chair is more than just a fancy piece of novelty furniture. They are genuine helping hands. When muscles contract and stiffen up, they can put pressure on nearby nerves. The result is pain. Massaging loosens the muscles up and decreases the pressure around the nerve. The result is nirvana. 

Massage chairs are great for the common aches and pains we all feel after a stressful day (or year, or decade). If you have chronic muscle pain, though, talk to your doctor. For inflammatory disorders and severe back pain, a heated chair message may not be the cure-all you’re hoping for. Massage chairs are designed for relaxing, but aren’t a replacement for medical treatment. 

Air cushions in the legs and feet area of the chair help your circulation and add to the feeling of relaxation. For best blood flow, choose a chair that has multiple massage modes instead of simple vibrations. The more variety, the better the blood flow.  

FAQs

Final thoughts on the best massage chairs

• Best overall: Real Relax Favor 03 ADV Massage Chair
• Best stylish: Esright Massage Recliner Chair
• Best for small spaces: CirC – Premium SL Track Heated Massage Chair
• Best for tall people: Human Touch Super Novo
• Best budget: BestMassage Recliner Chair

These high-tech pieces of furniture offer powerful kneading, rubbing, and pulsating pressures to teach your muscles a lesson in relaxation. Some chairs will also use air cushions to massage calves and hips. And don’t forget the feet. A good massage chair should have dedicated rollers and vibrations to soothe weary feet. Look one that hits the spot and won’t break your bank account. With the best massage chair, your home will become a sanctuary of tranquility.

Why trust us

Popular Science started writing about technology more than 150 years ago. There was no such thing as “gadget writing” when we published our first issue in 1872, but if there was, our mission to demystify the world of innovation for everyday readers means we would have been all over it. Here in the present, PopSci is fully committed to helping readers navigate the increasingly intimidating array of devices on the market right now.

Our writers and editors have combined decades of experience covering and reviewing consumer electronics. We each have our own obsessive specialties—from high-end audio to video games to cameras and beyond—but when we’re reviewing devices outside of our immediate wheelhouses, we do our best to seek out trustworthy voices and opinions to help guide people to the very best recommendations. We know we don’t know everything, but we’re excited to live through the analysis paralysis that internet shopping can spur so readers don’t have to.

The post The best massage chairs of 2023 appeared first on Popular Science.

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Best overall		Generac GP3500iO		SEE IT	This is a solid all-around option for just about any home.
Most sustainable		Jackery Explorer 2000 Pro		SEE IT	Go solar if you want to save the environment and some money.
Best for home backup		Briggs & Stratton Q6500 QuietPower Series		SEE IT	Don’t worry about blackouts with this powerful-but-quiet model.

The issue with old-school generators is that they always operated at full bore, burning fuel and pumping out power at the highest possible capacity at all times, but inverter generators solve the problem. They offer a throttle that adjusts engine speed to meet actual electrical needs. This greatly improves fuel efficiency, reduces emissions, and decreases operating volume. Inverter generators also provide an extremely clean source of electricity that won’t harm sensitive devices with unpredictable and inconsistent power output. Whether you’ve got hurricane preparedness or just generally useful home appliances on your mind, the best inverter generators offer solid efficiency and runtime, rock-solid craftsmanship, and deliver the reliability you need when the lights go out.

• Best overall: Generac GP3500iO
• Most sustainable: Jackery Explorer 2000 Pro
• Best for home backup: Briggs & Stratton Q6500 QuietPower Series
• Best for RVs: Honda EU2200i
• Best dual-fuel: DuroMax XP13000HX
• Best budget: WEN 56203i Super Quiet

How we picked the best inverter generators

As a tech enthusiast and camping addict, I’ve looked at a wide range of mobile power products for the likes of Popular Science, Scientific American, The Daily Beast, and more. I’ve researched each of these selections extensively via a combination of first-hand trials, input from experts, and reviews from real-world consumers. We focus on generators that offer solid build quality, powerful performance, and reliability. A generator isn’t worth much if you can’t be sure it will work when you really need it.

The best inverter generators: Reviews & Recommendations

Our top-rated inverter generators represent a range of uses and budgets. Some are designed to provide full-fledged backup power for an entire home. Others are more portable for camping, worksites, or other smaller-scale intentions. In any case, below you’ll find something that fits your circumstances.

Best overall: Generac GP3500iO

Generac

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Why it made the cut: Solid performance, superior reliability, and outstanding versatility make the Generac GP3500iO a great all-around inverter generator.

Specs

• Rated output: 3,000W
• Peak output: 3,500W
• Gas tank capacity: 2.37 gallons
• Weight: 74.3 lbs
• Runtime: 11 hours at 25 % rated load
• Price: $839

Pros

• Outstanding reliability
• Solid output
• Quiet
• Relatively light

Cons

• No wheels
• Not enough output for a whole house

When it comes to building an inverter generator that delivers a lifespan worthy of the investment, Generac is as good as they come. The GP3500iO is built to last and will provide many years of reliable power.

Speaking of which, its power output is no slouch either. While its 3,000-3,500W operating range isn’t large enough to keep an entire house powered, it is more than enough to keep key appliances operating or to keep a campsite, RV, or off-grid worksite fully electrified. It’s also parallel-ready, so if you do need more power you can chain a second unit in to double the output. And at a surprisingly competitive price of just over $800, buying two isn’t all that much of a stretch.

It’s 50% quieter than most comparably sized generators, making it perfect for hauling out into nature. That being said, it’s a bit lighter than many similar models, it isn’t exactly featherweight and it doesn’t come with wheels, so some may find it somewhat challenging to wrangle in and out of the RV.

For all intents and purposes, however, we think the GP3500iO is the best inverter generator for the money thanks to its outstanding build quality, performance, and versatility.

Most sustainable: Jackery Explorer 2000 Pro

Jackery

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Why it made the cut: If you’re looking for plenty of sustainable, portable power, the Jackery Explorer 2000 Pro delivers.

Specs

• Rated output: 2,200W
• Peak output: 4,400W
• Gas tank capacity: N/A
• Weight: 43 lbs
• Runtime: 2,160 Watt hours
• Price: $2,099

Pros

• Super portable
• Easy to use
• Solid output
• Super fast charging 

Cons

• Not enough output for a whole house
• Can only be charged in the sun

In its own offshoot class of inverter generators—that of the electric generators, meaning that it requires no gas at all—the Jackery Explorer 2000 Pro offers substantial, sustainable, highly portable power. In fact, we like the 2000 Pro so much that we named it the top solar generator of the year.

With output ranging between 2,200-4,400 watts, the 2000 Pro delivers more power than virtually any other solar power generator on the market. While the runtime of its 2,160 Wh capacity depends entirely upon how much you ask of it, it’s capable of powering a full-sized fridge for over three hours, a portable electric cooler for 15 hours, a hand drill for 60 hours, and can charge small devices like a smartphone or laptop dozens and dozens of times. It also recharges fast, going from empty to 100% in under two hours when plugged into a wall outlet or in just 2.5 hours when plugged into its solar array.

The Jackery 2000 Pro is also super portable and super user-friendly, making it an ideal choice for camping or van–lifing. While it’s not powerful enough to keep an entire house juiced, it will serve as a solid source of backup power in the event that the lights go out, allowing you to keep a few key appliances and devices running.

Best for home backup: Briggs & Stratton Q6500 QuietPower Series

Briggs & Stratton

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Why it made the cut: For emergency backup power at home, the Briggs & Stratton Q6500 delivers solid yet quiet performance.

Specs

• Rated output: 5,000W
• Peak output: 6,500W
• Gas tank capacity: 2.37 gallons
• Weight: 128 lbs
• Runtime: 14 hours at 25% load 
• Price: $1,399

Pros

• Solid output
• Quiet
• Easy to move and store
• Power usage meter

Cons

• Some buyers report customer service issues

When you need an inverter generator to power your entire home, power output is your foremost concern. The Briggs & Stratton Q6500 QuietPower Series delivers more than enough output capacity and runtime to suit the average homeowner’s needs. What’s more, it’s also quieter than most other generators, making about as much noise as a dishwasher.

All of that makes it ideal for at-home emergency backup power use, but the deal is sweetened thanks to its highly mobile, highly storable design. Its telescoping handle sets flush into its square shape, making it easy to store in the garage. When it’s time to deploy, the inclusion of sturdy wheels makes it easy to roll into place.

Some users have reported issues when seeking customer service from the company, but their experience seems to be in the minority. Generally speaking, this is an outstanding generator to have on hand for when the lights go out.

Best for RVs: Honda EU2200i

Honda

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Why it made the cut: If you need a tough, reliable source of power on the go, the Honda EU2200i is the best recreational inverter generator out there.

Specs

• Rated output: 1,800W
• Peak output: 2,200W
• Gas tank capacity: .95 gallons
• Weight: 47.4 lbs
• Runtime: 8.1 hours at 25 % rated load
• Price: $1,199

Pros

• Outstanding portability
• Outstanding reliability
• Solid power output
• Quiet

Cons

• Not powerful enough for a while house

Fun fact: Honda actually released the first inverter generator ever back in 1987. That being the case, it should come as no surprise that they’ve had plenty of time to perfect the art.

And perfect the Honda EU2200i is—at least for the purposes of RVing or camping. It weighs less than 50 pounds and can easily fit in most common car trunks, it’s as portable as generators come. At the same time, it offers a solid 1,800-2,200W of power, which is enough to run virtually any RV air conditioner with room left over to charge an array of devices.

What’s more, the EU2200i is one of the most solidly built generators on the market. With a typical lifespan of somewhere between 1000-2000 operating hours, a properly maintained EU2200i should last some 10-20 years.

Best dual-fuel: DuroMax XP13000HX

DuroMax

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Why it made the cut: With its high output and solid construction, the DuroMax XP13000HX is as reliable as they come.

Specs

• Rated output: 10,500W
• Peak output: 13,000W
• Gas tank capacity: 8.3 gallons
• Weight: 238 lbs
• Runtime: 13 hours at 25 % rated load
• Price: $1,499

Pros

• Dual-fuel versatility
• Massive power output
• Rock-solid construction
• Wheel kit included

Cons

• Very heavy
• Very expensive

We like the DuroMax XP1300HX so much that we placed it at the top of our roundup of the best dual-fuel generators. Not only does it produce an enormous amount of power—more than enough to power an entire house—but its dual-fuel versatility allows it to run on both gas and propane. This makes it easier to find fuel sources in a pinch, and when fueled by propane means that it will be quieter and produce fewer emissions. It’s also as solidly built as any machine most humans will ever own.

That solid build does translate into weight—a hefty 238 pounds of it. The wheels do make it easy to move around wheel-barrow-style, but you definitely won’t be bringing it camping. As far as emergency home backup power goes, however, the XXP1300HX is outstanding.

Best budget: WEN 56203i Super Quiet

WEN

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Why it made the cut: The WEN 56203i Super Quiet offers substantial quality at a low price.

Specs

• Rated output: 1,700W
• Peak output: 2,000W
• Gas tank capacity: 1 gallon
• Weight: 38 lbs
• Runtime: 10.8 25% rated load
• Price: $429

Pros

• Rock-bottom price
• Quiet
• Great runtime
• Super portable

Cons

• Relatively low power output

At $340, the WEN 56203i Super Quiet is about as budget-friendly as generators get. What makes it stand out is that it offers significantly better performance than every other generator in its class.

Capable of churning out a steady 1,700-2,000W, this generator isn’t going to power your house but it will serve as a decent source of emergency power in a pinch, and it serves as a great camping option. Its campability is accentuated by its quiet performance and outstanding portability. It also sips fuel efficiently, delivering a great runtime for its fuel capacity.

What to consider when buying inverter generators

There are a lot of inverter generators out there, but they tend to come with lofty price tags. It requires hardware to actually invert the current, which allows it to avoid voltage spikes that could harm devices plugged into it. Many subpar brands simply don’t offer the build quality that you would expect from such a high-value piece of equipment, while others fall short of delivering the performance you need for reliable power. To make a smart buy, here are a few important considerations to keep in mind so that you can be sure of getting the best inverter generator for the money:

Power output

If a generator doesn’t produce enough power to meet your needs, what good is it? Generators are rated by the number of watts they can produce in any given moment, which is often accompanied by a peak performance rating that represents the maximum power they can deliver in short bursts. To determine how much juice you need, add up the operating wattage for all the devices and appliances you expect to power, then find a generator that delivers accordingly. The average 5000-7500W generator, for example, will generally provide enough power for most of the key items in your home, including the fridge, TV, lighting, well pump, and a smattering of small devices.

Runtime

If you expect to be using your inverter generator for long periods at a time—if you live somewhere with frequent or prolonged power outages, for example, or if you’ll be needing off-grid power all day long—you don’t want to be refueling it again and again. Runtimes are determined by how large a generator’s fuel tank is combined with its operating efficiency. Most inverter generators have runtimes of roughly 5-6 hours, though a few highly efficient models can stretch that to nearly a full day.

Fuel type

While the majority of inverter generators run on gasoline, many also run on propane or natural gas, and a few can even be powered by the sun. Gas offers the most power output but it’s also the loudest and causes the most emissions. Propane and natural gas shave off a bit of the output in favor of quieter, cleaner operations. Solar generators are emission-free and just shy of silent, but they can only be recharged if the sun is out (or a wall/car socket is handy).

Size and weight

Inverter generators come in a variety of sizes and weights, resulting in varying degrees of portability. Some are large and essentially immobile, which means they’re designed to be set in place and forgotten about until the need arises. Others are more portable thanks to reduced size, weight, or the addition of handles and wheels.

Reliability

A generator doesn’t do much good if it breaks down when you need it. Reliable craftsmanship is essential, but it can be difficult to determine at a glance or by reading a spec sheet. We’ve verified the reliability of our picks via reviews from owners who have used specific models over time.

FAQs

Final thoughts on the best inverter generators

• Best overall: Generac GP3500iO
• Most sustainable: Jackery Explorer 2000 Pro
• Best for home backup: Briggs & Stratton Q6500 QuietPower Series
• Best for RVs: Honda EU2200i
• Best dual-fuel: DuroMax XP13000HX
• Best budget: WEN 56203i Super Quie

If you live in an area where power cuts are frequent, an inverter generator will be a game-changer. It will ensure that you have plenty of reliable power while everyone else on the block sits in the dark. And if you’re looking to power an RV, an inverter generator will keep you living in comfort while off the grid. While the best inverter generators are no small investment, one will pay for itself in the long run in terms of comfort and peace of mind.

Why trust us

Popular Science started writing about technology more than 150 years ago. There was no such thing as “gadget writing” when we published our first issue in 1872, but if there was, our mission to demystify the world of innovation for everyday readers means we would have been all over it. Here in the present, PopSci is fully committed to helping readers navigate the increasingly intimidating array of devices on the market right now.

Our writers and editors have combined decades of experience covering and reviewing consumer electronics. We each have our own obsessive specialties—from high-end audio to video games to cameras and beyond—but when we’re reviewing devices outside of our immediate wheelhouses, we do our best to seek out trustworthy voices and opinions to help guide people to the very best recommendations. We know we don’t know everything, but we’re excited to live through the analysis paralysis that internet shopping can spur so readers don’t have to.

The post The best inverter generators of 2023 appeared first on Popular Science.

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Between bottles at family dinner(s) or popping Champagne at New Year’s, it’s hard for someone looking for a little non-alcoholic fun to kick off a year of healthier habits. “Liquid courage” and social lubricant, alcohol tends to be everyone’s favorite coping mechanism during the holiday season and gatherings in general, whether when first introduced to the extended family, dealing with distant relatives you’d rather remain removed, or being surrounded by friends of friends. Hence, the growing popularity of Dry January and the opportunity to learn that there are better, healthier ways to cope. Moderation can improve your mental health, lower blood pressure, and, best of all, prevent a dreaded hangover and related hang-xiety … and maybe an argument or two with strangers. Instead of snagging another lazy, hazy IPA out of the fridge, consider an NA beer or alternative spirit. Even better, the best non-alcoholic drinks are proof of the deliciousness of zero-proof that can be enjoyed as new year’s recompense transitions into sober spring and beyond.

Note: If you have moderate to severe alcohol use disorder, please see a healthcare provider before withdrawing, as it can be quite dangerous to detox at home by yourself.

• Best NA beer sampler: Athletic Brewing Co. Craft Non-Alcoholic Beer
• Best NA stout: Guinness Non-Alcoholic Draught Beer
• Best NA import beer: Peroni Nastro Azzurro 0.0
• Best aperitif: Ghia 
• Best tequila alternative: Optimist Botanicals Smokey
• Best gin alternative: Abstinence Spirits Cape Citrus
• Best whiskey alternative: Ritual
• Best botanical spirit: Wilderton Botanical Spirit
• Best value: Dhōs
• Best celeb-made non-alcoholic botanical beverage: De Soi
• Best bundle: Seedslip
• Best mood lifter: Crisp & Crude
• Best canned alternative cocktails: Flyers Cocktails 
• Best bottled mocktails: DRY Botanical Bubbly Reserve
• Best wine: Surely Non-Alcoholic Sparkling Rose
• Best wine alternative: Proxies